However, during the time of King Mindon the leader in action the sower of the seed was the Heir Apparent, the Kanaung Crown Prince.

သုိ႔ေသာ္မင္းတုန္းမင္းတရား၏ေခတ္ကုိဦးစြာေခါင္းေဆာင္၍ျပဳစုပ်ိဳးေထာင္ေပးသူကားအိမ္ေရွ႕စံကေနာင္ မင္းသားႀကီးျဖစ္ေလသည္။

The Crown Prince was a keen and skillful operator. The Kanaung Crown Prince was the younger full brother of King Mindon.

ကေနာင္မင္းသားသည္ လက္ေတြ႔သမားအျဖစ္ျဖင့္ထက္ျမက္၏၊ မင္းတုန္းမင္း၏ညီေတာ္ အရင္းျဖစ္၏။

He was born in 1181(1819) to King Sāyawadī and his Queen, the Kyaukmaw Mayor.

၁၁၈၁ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ သာယာဝတီမင္းႏွင့္ ေက်ာက္ေမွာ္ၿမိဳ႕စား မိဖုရားတုိ႔မွဖြားျမင္သည္။

When King Mindon reached the summit of power the Crown Prince became his heir-apparent.

မင္းတုန္းမင္းအထြတ္အထိပ္သုိ႔ေရာက္ေသာအခါညီေတာ္ကေနာင္မင္းသည္အိမ္ေရွ႕မင္းျဖစ္ လာေလသည္။

It was at this time that English expansion brought about the second annexation of Burmese territory.

ထုိအခ်ိန္၌နယ္ခ်ဲ႕အဂၤလိပ္တုိ႔သည္ ျမန္မာနုိင္ငံကုိ ဒုတိယအႀကိမ္ သိမ္းပုိက္ခဲ့ၿပီးျဖစ္သည္။

For protection against the threat of further expansion the Prince nursed the desire to see the kingdom established as an industrialised and well-armed nation.

အိမ္ေရွ႕မင္းသည္ နယ္ခ်ဲ႕တုိ႔၏ အႏၱရာယ္ကုိ ခုခံကာကြယ္ရန္အလုိ႔ငွာ ျမန္မာမင္းျမတ္၏ နုိင္ငံေတာ္ကုိ စက္မႈနုိင္ငံေတာ္၊ လက္နက္နုိင္ငံေတာ္ျဖစ္ေအာင္ထူေထာင္ရမည္ဟု ႏွလုံးပုိက္ ေတာ္မူသည္။

To establish it in this way it is great importance to acquiring the resources and technology of the West.

ယင္းသုိ႔ထူေထာင္ရာ၌ အေနာက္တုိင္းနည္းပညာတုိ႔ကုိရေအာင္ ယူဖုိ႔အေရးႀကီးသည္။

For this purpose he planned with the agreement of King Mindon to send state students to foreign countries and he organised young Burmans for this.

သုိ႔ျဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္မင္းတုန္းမင္းႀကီး၏ခြင့္ျပဳခ်က္အရနုိင္ငံျခားသုိ႔ပညာေတာ္သင္မ်ားေစလႊတ္ရန္စီမံကိန္း ခ်၍ ျမန္မာလူငယ္တုိ႔ကုိ စည္းရုံးသည္။

It is said that during King Mindon’s reign ninety such state students were sent under this scheme to France, Italy and England.

ထုိစီမံကိန္းအရျပင္သစ္၊အီတလီ၊အဂၤလန္စေသာနုိင္ငံမ်ားသုိ႔ပညာေတာ္သင္မ်ားကုိေစလႊတ္ရာမင္းတုန္းမင္း လက္ထက္၌ပင္ ပညာေတာ္သင္ဦးေရ ၉၀ ရွိသည္ဟု ဆုိၾကသည္။

Poræ¼akaræjæno ca attano putte “evaµ ete nihatamænadappæ søtu¼hakkhamæ lokacærittaññþ ca bhavissantø” ti attano nagare disæpæmokkha-æcariye vijjamænepi sippuggaha¼atthæya dþre tirora¥¥aµ pesenti.

The former kings also their sons “in this way they will be humble their vanity and arrogance, tolerance for heat and cold, to know observance of the world” send forth distance foreign country to learn proficiency although there are world-famed scholars or professors in their country.

“Kiµ te æcariyabhægo æbhato, udæhu dhammantevæsiko hotukæmosø” ti? So “æcariyabhægo me æbhato” ti vatvæ æcariyassa pædamþle sahassatthavikaµ ¥hapetvæ vandi. Dhammantevæsikæ divæ æcariyassa kammaµ katvæ rattiµ sippaµ ugga¼hant, æcariyabhægdæyakæ gehe je¥¥haputtæ viya hutvæ sippameva ugga¼hanti.

There are two principle one who live to learn proficiency with his master (Dhammantevæsika) and another one pay learning fee to his master (Æcariyabhægdæyaka). Dhammantevæsikæ having made master’s duty or service by day and learn their arts at night. Æcariyabhægdæyakæ learn only their arts like to be master’s elder sons in the house.

While this effort at introducing western technology and making a new age for the Burmese kingdom was going on; in 1228 (1866) the Kanaung Prince was murdered in the course of the plot hatched by the Myingun and Myingondaing Princes.

ဤကဲ့သုိ႔အေနာက္တုိင္းနည္းပညာတုိ႕ကုိယူ၍ေခတ္သစ္ျမန္မာနုိင္ငံေတာ္ကုိထူေထာင္ရန္အားျပဳေနဆဲတြင္ ၁၂၂၈ခုႏွစ္၌ ျမင္ကြန္း၊ျမင္းခုန္တုိင္မင္းသားႏွစ္ပါးတုိ႔ကလုပ္ႀကံေသာေၾကာင့္ အိမ္ေရွ႕မင္းကံကုန္ေတာ္မူ ရွာသည္။

With this, all the plans and projects of its leaders for renewal and reformation, for the building of an industrial country, for the arming of its defence and for the other various enterprises in hand, all melted away like water into sand.

ဤသည္တြင္ျမန္မာ့ေခါင္းေဆာင္ပုိင္းတုိ႔ကတီထြင္ႀကံဆခဲ့ေသာစီရင္အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္မႈျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲျခင္း၊

စက္မႈနုိင္ငံထူေထာင္ျခင္း၊လက္နက္ပစၥည္းထုတ္လုပ္ျခင္းစေသာတုိင္းျပဳ၊ျပည္ျပဳလုပ္ငန္းအဝဝတုိ႔သည္ သဲထဲေရသြန္ျဖစ္ခဲ့ရေလသည္။

In particular, the goals of a proper defence of the country and the proper relationships with other lands little by little were lost.

အထူးသျဖင့္နုိင္ငံေတာ္ကာကြယ္ေရးႏွင့္ နုိင္ငံျခားဆက္ဆံေရးရည္မွန္းခ်က္တုိ႔သည္ တစတစႏွင့္ပ်က္ျပယ္ သြားခဲ့ရေလသည္။

The hope and expectations for the modernisation of the kingdom all went to waste.

ထုိအခါမူလကေခတ္မီနုိင္ငံေတာ္ျဖစ္လာေတာ့မည္ဟုေမွ်ာ္မွန္းခဲ့သမွ်တုိ႔မွာအေဟာသိကံျဖစ္ ကုန္ၾကသည္။

We should like to demonstrate so far as we know it the foresight of the leaders of Burma in the matter of the Crown Prince’s scheme for state scholars.

အိမ္ေရွ႕စံကေနာင္မင္းသားႀကီး၏ပညာေတာ္သင္စီမံကိန္းအရျမန္မာ့ေခါင္းေဆာင္ပုိင္းတုိ႔၏အေျမွာ္အျမင္ကုိ သိသာရုံမွ်ေဖာ္ျပလုိပါသည္။

When they had finished their studies in the West and returned to his country on the orders of the Crown Prince, translated into Burmese the subjects that he had learned. The state scholars therefore produced their “Study Books” and these are listed below.

အေနာက္နုိင္ငံတုိ႔၌ ပညာသင္ပီးေနာက္ ေနျပည္ေတာ္သုိ႔ ျပန္လည္ေရာက္ရွိလာေသာအခါ မိမိတုိ႔ တတ္ကၽြမ္းခဲ့ေသာပညာရပ္မ်ားကုိ ျမန္မာဘာသာျပန္ဆုိေရးသားေစဟု အိမ္ေရွ႕မင္းကအမိန္႔ေတာ္ရွိေသာ ေၾကာင့္ပညာေတာ္သင္တုိ႔ ဘာသာျပန္ဆုိၾကေသာပညာစာအုပ္မ်ားစာရင္းကုိ ေအာက္တြင္ေဖၚျပလုိက္ပါ သည္။