2. The power of an individual and the power of a general assembly
For a summary of the meaning of the statement that from following the seven aparihāniya rules the prosperity of a country will grow, we can say that, since the people in general will be led astray if the country’s government is in the power and authority of one man, it should not be carried on through a single man, or even through two men.
If it is in the hands of the King and his officials in an assembly, they will not go astray. On a different point, among the people living in the country, the officials will have their own separate policies and adherents.
ဤအပရိဟာနိယတရား (၇) ပါးကုိက်င့္ေဆာင္၍ တုိင္းျပည္နုိင္ငံ ျဖစ္ထြန္းတုိးပြါး ပုံ အဓိပၸါယ္အက်ဥ္းကား- တုိင္းျပည္နုိင္ငံကုိ တစ္ေယာက္ႏွစ္ေယာက္၏ ဩဇာအာဏာ ႏွင့္သာ အုပ္စုိးလွ်င္ ပုထုဇဥ္ျဖစ္၍ အမွားအယြင္း မ်ားရန္ရွိေသာေၾကာင့္ တစ္ေယာက္ ႏွစ္ေယာက္၏ ဩဇာအာဏာႏွင့္ မျပဳလုပ္၊ မင္း မွဴးမတ္မ်ား စည္းေ၀းျပဳ လုပ္လွ်င္ မွားယြင္းဖြယ္မရွိ။ တစ္ေၾကာင္းလည္း နုိင္ငံေနသူ လူအမ်ားတြင္ မင္းမွဴးမတ္တုိ႔၌ အေၾကာင္းသင့္ ေပါင္းသင္း၍ အသီးသီးကုိးကြယ္ ဆည္းကပ္ၾကကုန္သည္။
If the government is in the hands of only one or two of overwhelming influence, people who are the adherents of the other officials, having no powerful patron, will be discontented at heart.
For these two reasons, the whole body of officials must make it their first duty in arranging the administration of the country to come together in council. It is only by governing in this way that the country will advance and prosper. There is no possibility of failure.
တစ္ေယာက္ႏွစ္ေယာက္သာ အုပ္စုိးလႊမ္းမုိးလွ်င္ က်န္သည့္မွဴးမတ္တုိ႔ကုိ ကုိးကြယ္ဆည္းကပ္ေသာ ျပည္သူတု႔ိ ကုိးကြယ္ရာမဲ့ စိတ္ႏွလုံးမခ်မ္းသာ ျဖစ္ရာသည့္ အေၾကာင္းမ်ားေၾကာင့္ မင္း မွဴးမတ္အမ်ားတုိ႔သည္ တစ္ေပါင္းတည္း စည္းေ၀းစုရုံး၍ နုိင္ငံ၌အုပ္စုိးစီရင္ျခင္းကုိ ပထမျပဳလုပ္မည္။ ဤကဲ့သုိ႔ အုပ္စုိးစီရင္လွ်င္ နုိင္ငံတုိးပြါး စည္ပင္ရန္သာရွိသည္။ဆုတ္ယုတ္ရန္မရွိ။
Thus, if the land is to be rich, the first thing is keep the government from falling into the hands of one or two rulers; government must be carried on by the whole body of officials meeting in council. This is the first basis of the aparihāniya rule that is known as Sannipāta (unity).( A³.ii-407/D.ii-62)
ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ ေရွးဦးစြာ နုိင္ငံကုိ စည္ပင္တုိးပြါးေစလုိလွ်င္ တစ္ေယာက္ႏွစ္ေယာက္ သာ မအုပ္မစုိး၊မင္း မွဴးမတ္ အမ်ားအျပား ေပါင္းစုစည္းရုံး၍ အုပ္စုိးရမည္ဟူေသာ ေရွးဦးစြာေသာ သႏၷိပါတမည္ေသာ အပရိဟာနိယတရား ျဖစ္၏။
In the same way, even when a king and his officials meet together in council, it is only from their agreement that advantage is derived.
If they fail to agree, there is no benefit. However many people compose the assembly, if they fail to reach agreement, the assembly will fall apart.
ဤကဲ့သုိ႔ မင္းမွဴးမတ္မ်ား ေပါင္းစုစည္းရုံးျခင္း အစည္းအရုံးသည္လည္း ညီညြတ္မွသာ အက်ိဳးေပးသည္။ မညီညြတ္လွ်င္အက်ိဳးမေပး။အစည္းအရုံး လူေပါင္း မည္၍မည္မွ်ပင္ မ်ားပါေစ မညီညြတ္လွ်င္ အစည္းအရုံး ပ်က္စီးရာသည္။
Not to speak of animals, even a child can break a single fibre of hemp or flax, but if these fibres are laid up together and twisted into a rope even a bull elephant cannot break it in two.
Kings and their officials, who are holding an assembly, must take into their hearts this example of the hempen rope as their guide. They must come to agreement .
သက္ရွိသတၱ၀ါကုိ မဆုိထားႏွင့္ဦး၊ ပုိက္ဆံေလွ်ာ္မွ်င္တစ္ခုကုိ ကေလး သူငယ္ ပင္ျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္း ဆြဲျဖတ္နုိင္သည္။ ဤေလွ်ာ္မွ်င္အေပါင္းစု၍ အတင္းအေလ်ာ့ ညီေအာင္ထားၿပီး က်စ္ေသာႀကိဳးႏွင့္ခ်ည္လွ်င္ ဆင္ေျပာင္ႀကီးေသာ္လည္း ျပတ္ေအာင္ မရုံးနုိင္သည္ကုိ ေထာက္၍ အစည္းအေ၀းျပဳေသာ မင္းမွဴးမတ္တုိ႔သည္ ဤပုိက္ဆံေလွ်ာ္ႀကိဳးကုိ ဆရာျပဳ၍ ညီညြတ္ျခင္းကုိ အၿမဲႏွလုံးသြင္းလွ်က္ ညီညြတ္ၾကရ လိမ့္မည္။
The means of reaching agreement are:--
Only when agreement is reached in this way will wealth increase without a downturn. This is the rule of aparihāniya that is called Samagga (harmony). ( A³.ii-407/D.ii-62)
ညီညြတ္ေအာင္လည္း
၁။ စည္းေ၀းရာအရပ္၌ အခ်ိန္သတ္မွတ္၍ စည္းေ၀းျခင္း။
၂။ အခ်ိန္သတ္မွတ္၍ ထသြားျခင္း။
၃။ျပဳဖြယ္ကိစၥတုိ႔ကုိ အလုိရွိရာ သိျမင္သမွ် ေျပာဆုိခ်င္တုိင္း တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္စီေျပာဆုိေစ၍ အက်ိဳးရွိေကာင္းရာကုိယူၿပီး အညီအညြတ္ျပဳလုပ္စီရင္ရမည္။
၄။ မႈခင္းကိစၥရွိလွ်င္လည္း အကပ္အခုိမရွိ တညီတညြတ္တည္း လုံ႕လထုတ္ရမည္။
ဤကဲ့သုိ႔ ညီညြတ္ၾကလွ်င္ တုိးပြါးရန္သာရွိသည္။ ဆုတ္ယုတ္ဖြယ္မရွိ။ သုိ႔ျဖစ္၍ စည္းေ၀းေသာမင္းမွဴးမတ္တုိ႔ ညီညြတ္ရမည္ဟူေသာ `သမဂၢ` မည္ေသာ အပရိဟာနိယ တရားျဖစ္၏။
For a summary of the meaning of the statement that from following the seven aparihāniya rules the prosperity of a country will grow, we can say that, since the people in general will be led astray if the country’s government is in the power and authority of one man, it should not be carried on through a single man, or even through two men.
If it is in the hands of the King and his officials in an assembly, they will not go astray. On a different point, among the people living in the country, the officials will have their own separate policies and adherents.
ဤအပရိဟာနိယတရား (၇) ပါးကုိက်င့္ေဆာင္၍ တုိင္းျပည္နုိင္ငံ ျဖစ္ထြန္းတုိးပြါး ပုံ အဓိပၸါယ္အက်ဥ္းကား- တုိင္းျပည္နုိင္ငံကုိ တစ္ေယာက္ႏွစ္ေယာက္၏ ဩဇာအာဏာ ႏွင့္သာ အုပ္စုိးလွ်င္ ပုထုဇဥ္ျဖစ္၍ အမွားအယြင္း မ်ားရန္ရွိေသာေၾကာင့္ တစ္ေယာက္ ႏွစ္ေယာက္၏ ဩဇာအာဏာႏွင့္ မျပဳလုပ္၊ မင္း မွဴးမတ္မ်ား စည္းေ၀းျပဳ လုပ္လွ်င္ မွားယြင္းဖြယ္မရွိ။ တစ္ေၾကာင္းလည္း နုိင္ငံေနသူ လူအမ်ားတြင္ မင္းမွဴးမတ္တုိ႔၌ အေၾကာင္းသင့္ ေပါင္းသင္း၍ အသီးသီးကုိးကြယ္ ဆည္းကပ္ၾကကုန္သည္။
If the government is in the hands of only one or two of overwhelming influence, people who are the adherents of the other officials, having no powerful patron, will be discontented at heart.
For these two reasons, the whole body of officials must make it their first duty in arranging the administration of the country to come together in council. It is only by governing in this way that the country will advance and prosper. There is no possibility of failure.
တစ္ေယာက္ႏွစ္ေယာက္သာ အုပ္စုိးလႊမ္းမုိးလွ်င္ က်န္သည့္မွဴးမတ္တုိ႔ကုိ ကုိးကြယ္ဆည္းကပ္ေသာ ျပည္သူတု႔ိ ကုိးကြယ္ရာမဲ့ စိတ္ႏွလုံးမခ်မ္းသာ ျဖစ္ရာသည့္ အေၾကာင္းမ်ားေၾကာင့္ မင္း မွဴးမတ္အမ်ားတုိ႔သည္ တစ္ေပါင္းတည္း စည္းေ၀းစုရုံး၍ နုိင္ငံ၌အုပ္စုိးစီရင္ျခင္းကုိ ပထမျပဳလုပ္မည္။ ဤကဲ့သုိ႔ အုပ္စုိးစီရင္လွ်င္ နုိင္ငံတုိးပြါး စည္ပင္ရန္သာရွိသည္။ဆုတ္ယုတ္ရန္မရွိ။
Thus, if the land is to be rich, the first thing is keep the government from falling into the hands of one or two rulers; government must be carried on by the whole body of officials meeting in council. This is the first basis of the aparihāniya rule that is known as Sannipāta (unity).( A³.ii-407/D.ii-62)
ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ ေရွးဦးစြာ နုိင္ငံကုိ စည္ပင္တုိးပြါးေစလုိလွ်င္ တစ္ေယာက္ႏွစ္ေယာက္ သာ မအုပ္မစုိး၊မင္း မွဴးမတ္ အမ်ားအျပား ေပါင္းစုစည္းရုံး၍ အုပ္စုိးရမည္ဟူေသာ ေရွးဦးစြာေသာ သႏၷိပါတမည္ေသာ အပရိဟာနိယတရား ျဖစ္၏။
In the same way, even when a king and his officials meet together in council, it is only from their agreement that advantage is derived.
If they fail to agree, there is no benefit. However many people compose the assembly, if they fail to reach agreement, the assembly will fall apart.
ဤကဲ့သုိ႔ မင္းမွဴးမတ္မ်ား ေပါင္းစုစည္းရုံးျခင္း အစည္းအရုံးသည္လည္း ညီညြတ္မွသာ အက်ိဳးေပးသည္။ မညီညြတ္လွ်င္အက်ိဳးမေပး။အစည္းအရုံး လူေပါင္း မည္၍မည္မွ်ပင္ မ်ားပါေစ မညီညြတ္လွ်င္ အစည္းအရုံး ပ်က္စီးရာသည္။
Not to speak of animals, even a child can break a single fibre of hemp or flax, but if these fibres are laid up together and twisted into a rope even a bull elephant cannot break it in two.
Kings and their officials, who are holding an assembly, must take into their hearts this example of the hempen rope as their guide. They must come to agreement .
သက္ရွိသတၱ၀ါကုိ မဆုိထားႏွင့္ဦး၊ ပုိက္ဆံေလွ်ာ္မွ်င္တစ္ခုကုိ ကေလး သူငယ္ ပင္ျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္း ဆြဲျဖတ္နုိင္သည္။ ဤေလွ်ာ္မွ်င္အေပါင္းစု၍ အတင္းအေလ်ာ့ ညီေအာင္ထားၿပီး က်စ္ေသာႀကိဳးႏွင့္ခ်ည္လွ်င္ ဆင္ေျပာင္ႀကီးေသာ္လည္း ျပတ္ေအာင္ မရုံးနုိင္သည္ကုိ ေထာက္၍ အစည္းအေ၀းျပဳေသာ မင္းမွဴးမတ္တုိ႔သည္ ဤပုိက္ဆံေလွ်ာ္ႀကိဳးကုိ ဆရာျပဳ၍ ညီညြတ္ျခင္းကုိ အၿမဲႏွလုံးသြင္းလွ်က္ ညီညြတ္ၾကရ လိမ့္မည္။
The means of reaching agreement are:--
1. Holding the meeting at the given time and place
2. Setting the time for the adjournment
3. Setting the intended agenda and arranging for an opportunity of speaking for everyone who wishes to speak. Thus it will be possible to reach agreement on the best course.
4. Making an effort to ensure that when action is to be taken, it is with the general consent and that there is no secrecy.
2. Setting the time for the adjournment
3. Setting the intended agenda and arranging for an opportunity of speaking for everyone who wishes to speak. Thus it will be possible to reach agreement on the best course.
4. Making an effort to ensure that when action is to be taken, it is with the general consent and that there is no secrecy.
Only when agreement is reached in this way will wealth increase without a downturn. This is the rule of aparihāniya that is called Samagga (harmony). ( A³.ii-407/D.ii-62)
ညီညြတ္ေအာင္လည္း
၁။ စည္းေ၀းရာအရပ္၌ အခ်ိန္သတ္မွတ္၍ စည္းေ၀းျခင္း။
၂။ အခ်ိန္သတ္မွတ္၍ ထသြားျခင္း။
၃။ျပဳဖြယ္ကိစၥတုိ႔ကုိ အလုိရွိရာ သိျမင္သမွ် ေျပာဆုိခ်င္တုိင္း တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္စီေျပာဆုိေစ၍ အက်ိဳးရွိေကာင္းရာကုိယူၿပီး အညီအညြတ္ျပဳလုပ္စီရင္ရမည္။
၄။ မႈခင္းကိစၥရွိလွ်င္လည္း အကပ္အခုိမရွိ တညီတညြတ္တည္း လုံ႕လထုတ္ရမည္။
ဤကဲ့သုိ႔ ညီညြတ္ၾကလွ်င္ တုိးပြါးရန္သာရွိသည္။ ဆုတ္ယုတ္ဖြယ္မရွိ။ သုိ႔ျဖစ္၍ စည္းေ၀းေသာမင္းမွဴးမတ္တုိ႔ ညီညြတ္ရမည္ဟူေသာ `သမဂၢ` မည္ေသာ အပရိဟာနိယ တရားျဖစ္၏။
