The books say, in dealing with military force, that there are six types of armed soldiery:

ဗလဟူေသာ ရဲမက္လက္နက္ကုိင္ဟူသည္ကား ရဲမက္လက္နက္ကုိင္ေျခာက္မ်ိဳးရွိသည္ကုိ ကာမႏၵကိစေသာ နီတိက်မ္း၌ ဤသုိ႔ဆုိ၏။

Molam bhatam seni sakhā,

ripuvā tavikam balam;

pubbam pubbam gāravo tu,

balānam byasanam tathā.

That is to say: These are the six types of soldier - the soldier from an elite suyin (corps of indigenous troops serving the Myanmar monarch) unit, serving for his food; the soldier who serves for pay; the soldier enrolled in a group to deal with a cause that concerns his own district; the soldier of an allied country; the soldier of an enemy country who has been taken in battle and enrolled in the captor's army; wild men, forest hunters of the native (Chin and Karen) enrolled to bear arms. Soldiers out of these six types may be expended in the reverse of the order given.

အစုရင္းေက်းကၽြန္ရင္းျဖစ္ေသာစစ္သည္လည္းေကာင္း၊အခစားစစ္သည္လည္းေကာင္း၊ၿမိဳ႕ရြာတုိ႔၌အေၾကာင္း ရွိလွ်င္ရေအာင္စည္းၾကပ္၍ထားေသာသင္းစစ္သည္လည္းေကာင္း၊မဟာမိတ္နုိင္ငံသားစစ္သည္လည္းေကာင္း၊ တုိက္ခုိက္သိမ္းယူထားေသာနုိင္ငံသားတုိ႔ကုိ စည္းၾကပ္ေသာရန္သူလက္နက္ကိုင္လည္းေကာင္း၊ ခ်င္း၊ကရင္၊ အရုိင္း၊ေတာသားမုဆုိးတုိ႔ကုိ စည္းၾကပ္ထားေသာလက္နက္ကုိင္လည္းေကာင္း၊ ဤသုိ႔ စစ္သည္သည္ ေျခာက္မ်ိဳးရွိ၏။ ထုိမွတစ္ပါး စစ္သည္ေျခာက္မ်ိဳးတုိ႔တြင္ ပ်က္စီးျခင္းကုိ အစဥ္အတုိင္းေရွးရႈကာ စင္စစ္ အေလးျပဳအပ္ကုန္၏။

Explaining this:

First is the soldier of a service unit by hereditary descent, a classified by (hereditary) duty, a loyal and assured servant of the king. Such soldiers are referred to as mola.

အဓိပၸါယ္ကား- ၁။အစဥ္အဆက္အမႈထမ္းမ်ိဳးမွလာေသာ အမႈထမ္း၊ယုံၾကည္စိတ္ခ်ရေသာေက်းရင္း ကၽြန္ရင္း အမႈထမ္း၊ ဤကဲ့သုိ႔ေသာအမႈထမ္းမ်ားသည္ `ေမာလ`မည္၏။

Second, in Burma there are some people to be found who are more than usually strong, and like the elite suyin service men among the six ranks of the government employee of the sugyi (Legion comprising of indigenous and foreign troops). These are given greater importance and must be held in reserve.

၂။ျမန္မာနုိင္ငံတြင္စုႀကီးေျခာက္ေၾကာင္းစသည္တုိ႔တြင္စုရင္းအမႈထမ္းမ်ားကဲ့သုိ႔ အလြန္မာသည္ ခုိင္ခံ့သည္ ျဖစ္၍ အလြန္အေလးျပဳအပ္ ၾကည့္ရႈေစာင္မအပ္၏။

Such people can be armed and salaried to fight against their own people in their own country and they are referred to as bhata.

မည္သည့္ၿမိဳ႕ရြာကမဆုိ ကုိယ့္နုိင္ငံအတြင္း မိမိအမ်ိဳးသားတုိ႔ကုိ စစ္တုိက္ေစရန္အခေၾကးေငြေပးထားေသာ လက္နက္ကုိင္လူဟူသမွ်တုိ႔သည္ `ဘတ`မည္၏။ အခစားလက္နက္ကုိင္ဆုိလုိသည္။

Third, there are people who can be enrolled as armed guards on an occasional basis when trouble arises in their own country. The word for these is se¼i. They are called "an armed group".

၃။ ကုိယ့္နုိင္ငံအတြင္း ၿမိဳ႕ရြာတုိ႔တြင္ အေရးအေၾကာင္းကိစၥရွိလွ်င္ ေကာင္ငင္ကာရေအာင္ အသင့္ ျပင္ဆင္ စည္းၾကပ္ထားေသာလက္နက္ကုိင္သည္ `ေသဏိ`မည္၏။ သင္း လက္နက္ကုိင္ဆုိလုိသည္။

Fourth, there may be subjects of an allied kingdom available for hire in sufficient number who can be properly enrolled into an armed unit, or an allied king may find circumstances calling for provision of armed help. Such soldiers are referred to as sakhā, and should be called a friendly armed force.

၄။ မဟာမိတ္နုိင္ငံသားတုိ႔ကုိ ေခၚယူငွားရမ္းၿပီးလွ်င္ အခေၾကးေငြေပး၍ အသင့္စည္းၾကပ္ထားေသာ လက္နက္ကုိင္သည္လည္းေကာင္း၊မဟာမိတ္မင္းတုိ႔က အေရးအေၾကာင္းကိစၥရွိ၍ စစ္ကူေသာလက္နက္ကုိင္ သည္လည္းေကာင္း၊ `သခါ`မည္၏။ မိတ္ေဆြလက္နက္ကုိင္ဆုိလုိသည္။

Fifth, there may be people of a race different from one's own, whose country has been attacked and annexed, who will be properly employed and enrolled into an armed unit. Such people are referred to as ripu and may be regarded as armed enemies.

၅။ မိမိက အျခားလူမ်ိဳးနုိင္ငံကုိ တုိက္ခုိက္သိမ္းယူ၍ ရရွိလာေသာနုိင္ငံသားတုိ႔ကုိ သင့္ေလွ်ာ္ရာေစခုိင္း မည္ စည္းၾကပ္ထားေသာ လက္နက္ကုိင္သည္ `ရိပု`မည္၏။ ရန္သူလက္နက္ကုိင္ ဆုိလုိသည္။

(Among the Burmese, since the country of the Shans has been conquered and annexed, armed groups enrolled and stationed in the Shan country must be regarded as "armed enemies".)

The "serviceman" and "black foreigner" units enrolled in the territories annexed by the English in India, Arakan, Thāwel and the Talaing country must be called "armed enemies".

အဂၤလိပ္တုိ႔မွာလည္းတုိက္ခုိက္သိမ္းယူ၍ရေသာအိႏၵိယ၊ရခုိင္၊ထား၀ယ္၊တလုိင္းစေသာနုိင္ငံတုိ႔၌ စည္းၾကပ္၍ ထားေသာ စစ္ဘာရီ၊ကုလားနက္စေသာ လက္နက္ကုိင္တုိ႔သည္ ရန္သူလက္နက္ကုိင္မည္ကုန္၏။

Sixth, for scouting ahead of the army in country fit for the birds, with forests and great mountains, people of the Chin, Karen, Taungthu (cultivator), hunters who know the forests and mountains and are fit to be set in the advance guard, may on occasion when there is an affair be enrolled as an armed a¥avika (forest) unit. They may be called "armed foresters".

၆။ငွက္သင့္တတ္ေသာအရပ္၊ ေတာ၊ေတာင္ႀကီးမားရာအရပ္မ်ားကုိ တပ္ခ်ီတက္ရာတြင္တပ္ဦးကထား၍ ခ်ီတက္ေစသင့္ေသာ ေတာစဥ္၊ေတာင္စဥ္မ်ားကုိသိကၽြမ္းနားလည္ေသာ ခ်င္း၊ကရင္၊ေတာင္သူ၊မုဆုိးတုိ႔ကုိ ေရးေၾကာင္းကိစၥရွိလွ်င္ေကာက္ငင္ကာရေအာင္အသင့္စည္းၾကပ္၍ထားေသာလက္နက္ကုိင္သည္`အဋ၀ိက` မည္၏။ ေတာသားလက္နက္ကုိင္ဆုိလုိသည္။

A digression - The people of the West dress such "armed forester" units in green, arm them with muskets and use them as scouts in advance of the army.

စကားခ်ပ္။ ။ သုိးေဆာင္းလူမ်ိဳးတုိ႔မွာ ဤေတာသားလက္နက္ကိုင္တုိ႔ကုိ အစိမ္း၀တ္ေစ၍ ေသနတ္တုိ႔ကုိ ေပးအပ္ၿပီးလွ်င္ တပ္ဦးကခ်ီတပ္ေစသည္။

In the chaddanta Jætaka , it is written that out of sixty thousand Hillman hunters in Kāsi in the land of varanasī, well acquainted with the mountains and forests, Queen Subhaddā chose the hunter So¼uttara, guilty of eighteen crimes , to kill the Elephant King and send his tusks back to her.

This man had eighteen crimes upon his conscience and after considering and deciding to kill the Elephant King without mercy, he did indeed slay the future Buddha, so the story is told.

ဆဒၵန္ဆင္မင္းဇာတ္တြင္ဆဒၵန္ဆင္မင္းကုိသတ္၍အစြယ္ကုိအယူေစလႊတ္မည္ရွိရာေတာဆင္း၊ေတာင္ဆင္းကုိ သိေသာ ကာသိတုိင္း ဗာရဏသီျပည္၌ ေတာသားမုဆုိးလက္နက္ကုိင္ လူမ်ိဳးေျခာက္ေသာင္းရွိ သည့္အနက္ ေယာက်ၤားအျပစ္တစ္ဆယ့္ရွစ္ပါးရွိေသာ ေသာနဳတၱရမည္ေသာမုဆုိးကုိ သုဘဒၵါမိဖုရား ေရြးခ်ယ္စိစစ္ကာ ဤသူကား ေယာက်ၤားအျပစ္တစ္ဆယ့္ရွစ္ပါးရွိသည္၊ဆဒၵန္ဆင္မင္းကုိမညွာမတာဧကန္သတ္မည္ဟု စဥ္းစား ဆင္ျခင္ႏႈတ္ယူၿပီးလွ်င္ ဘုရားေလာင္းဆဒၵန္ဆင္မင္းကုိ အသတ္ေစလႊတ္ေၾကာင္းႏွင့္လာသည္။

Out of these six types of soldiers, in a battle the Hillman and hunters may be expended first; the protection of the armed ex-enemy forces against loss should be given weight;

ဤလက္နက္ကုိင္ေျခာက္မ်ိဳးတို႔တြင္ စစ္မက္တုိက္ရာ ေတာသား၊မုဆုိးလက္နက္ကုိင္တုိ႔ကုိ ေသေၾကပ်က္စီး မည္ထက္ ရန္သူလက္နက္ကုိင္တုိ႔ ေသေၾကပ်က္စီးမည္ကုိ အေလးျပဳအပ္ ေစာင့္ေရွာက္အပ္သည္။

next after them the men of the friendly armed force should be carefully protected against loss;

ရန္သူလက္နက္ကုိင္တုိ႔ေသေၾကပ်က္စီးမည္ထက္ အေဆြခင္ပြန္းလက္နက္ကုိင္တုိ႔ ေသေၾကပ်က္စီးမည္ကုိ အေလးျပဳအပ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္အပ္၏။

next after them, men of the armed groups should be protected against loss;

အေဆြခင္ပြန္းလက္နက္ကုိင္တုိ႔ထက္သင္းလက္နက္ကုိင္တုိ႔ေသေၾကပ်က္စီးမည္ကုိအေလးျပဳအပ္ ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ အပ္၏။

next after them, men serving for pay should be protected against loss;

သင္း လက္နက္ကုိင္တုိ႔ထက္ အခစားလက္နက္ကုိင္တုိ႔ေသေၾကပ်က္စီးမည္ကုိ အေလးျပဳအပ္ ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ အပ္၏။

even more than them, the king's servants, the men of the asuyin must be carefully protected against loss.

အခစားလက္နက္ကုိင္တုိ႔ထက္ကၽြန္ေတာ္ရင္း၊အစုရင္းျဖစ္ေသာလက္နက္ကုိင္တုိ႔ေသေၾကပ်က္စီးမည္ကုိ အေလးျပဳအပ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္အပ္၏။

As is said in this sattaka nipāta of a³guttara nikāya scripture, there should be thirteen skills of soldiers in each group.

ဤသတၱကနိပါတ္၊အဂၤုတၱရနိကယ္တြင္ေဟာေတာ္မူသည့္အတုိင္းဤလက္နက္ကုိေျခာက္မ်ိဳးတို႔တြင္ တစ္မ်ိဳး တစ္မ်ိဳးလွ်င္ သူရဲမ်ိဳးတစ္ဆယ့္သုံးမ်ိဳးစီ ရွိသင့္သည္။

This totality of armed men is the bala (force) which is one of the limbs of the state. If this one, armed, "limb" is lacking, the state cannot be stable.

ဤလက္နက္ကုိင္ဟူေသာ`ဗလ`သည္နုိင္ငံ၏အဂၤါခုနစ္ပါးတုိ႔တြင္တစ္ပါးအပါအ၀င္ျဖစ္၍ ဤလက္နက္ကုိင္ `ဗလ`ဟူေသာ အဂၤါတစ္ပါးမရွိလွ်င္ နုိင္ငံသည္ေကာင္းမြန္ခုိင္ခံ့စြာ မျဖစ္နုိင္။

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