၂။ အသက္ထက္္ဆုံးေပါင္းေဖာ္အပ္ေသာ အေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ေလးေယာက္
The same text says that there are four true friends who are to be cherished and kept close like one's own children. According to this scripture:
ရင္မွျဖစ္ေသာသားကဲ့သုိ႔အသက္ထက္ဆုံးေပါင္းေဖာ္မွီဝဲအပ္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ေလးေယာက္ရွိသည္ကုိ ၎ပါဠိေတာ္၌ ဤသုိ႔ေဟာေတာ္မူ၏။
“Cattāro me gahapatiputta mittā suhadā veditabbæ. Upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo, samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo, atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo, anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo.
That is to say: Sons of householders! You must recognise four types of friends who are proved good.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ေကာင္းေသာႏွလုံးရွိကုန္ေသာကလ်ာဏမိတ္စစ္ျဖစ္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းေလးေယာက္တုိ႔ကုိသိ အပ္ကုန္၏။
You must recognise as good friends, first, those who are good in heart and who can provide special assistance; second, those of good heart who will be your good friends in good times and in bad; third, those of good heart who will be good friends, only speaking to your moral benefit; fourth, those of good heart who will be good friends who will give you love, honour and sympathy.
စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာ ေက်းဇူးအထူးကုိျပဳတတ္ေသာ မိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိလည္းေကာင္း၊ ခ်မ္းသာဆင္းရဲ မကြဲတူမွ်ျဖစ္ေသာမိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိလည္းေကာင္း၊အက်ိဳးရွိအံ့သည္ကုိသာေျပာေဟာေလ့ရွိေသာမိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိ လည္းေကာင္း၊ ခ်စ္ခင္ေလးျမတ္သနားတတ္ေသာမိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိလည္းေကာင္း သိအပ္၏။
The text also gives the following marks by which to recognise out of these four types those true friends, your support, who are of good heart and who can provide you with special assistance,
ဤအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ေလးေယာက္တုိ႔တြင္ စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာေက်းဇူးအထူးကုိေျပာဆုိ တတ္ေသာ ဥပကာရမည္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ကုိေလးပါးေသာအေၾကာင္းတုိ႔ျဖင့္သိအပ္၏ဟု၎ပါဠိေတာ္၌ေဟာေတာ္ မူ၏။
“Catūhi kho gahapatiputta ¥hānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo. Pamattaµ rakkhati, pamatassa sāpateyyaµ rakkhati, bhītassa sara¼aµ hoti, uppannesu kiccakara¼īyesu taddigunaµ bhogaµ anuppadeti. Imehi kho gahapatiputta ¥hānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo.
That is to say: Sons of householders! By these four marks you may recognise a good friend of good heart, who is your support.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊စင္စစ္ေသာ္ကားေလးပါးကုန္ေသာအေၾကာင္းတုိ႔ျဖင့္စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာ၊ဥပကာရ မည္ေသာ၊ကလ်ာဏမိတ္စစ္ျဖစ္ေသာ အေဆြခင္ပြန္းကုိ သိအပ္၏။
He will protect his friend from drunkenness and carelessness. He will protect from loss the property of his friend when he is neglectful. In any crisis, when his friend is afraid, he will tell him, "What is there to be afraid of when you have so stout a companion at your side as myself?" and so encourage him to think better of himself and dismiss the danger.
ယစ္မူးေမ့ေလ်ာ့ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းကုိေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေစာင္မတတ္၏၊ေမ့ေလ်ာ့ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္း၏ဥစၥာ ပစၥည္းကုိေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေစာင္မတတ္၏၊တစ္စုံတစ္ရာအေရးေရာက္၍ထိတ္လန္႔ေၾကာက္ရြံ႕ေနေသာအေဆြ ခင္ပြန္း၏ငါသုိ႔သသူသဟဲရွိလွ်က္အဘယ္တစ္စိေၾကာက္ဘိသနည္းဟုအားေပး၍ထုိေဘးမွကယ္ေပးတတ္ ေသာ ကုိးကြယ္ရာျဖစ္၏။
When there is any enterprise to be undertaken, he will ask his friend how much he needs to spend upon it and, unasked, will offer more help than is estimated from his own resources.
ျပဳဖြယ္အမႈကိစၥတုိ႔ေပၚေပါက္လာကုန္လတ္ေသာ္ထုိအေဆြခင္ပြန္းမည္မွ်သုံးရန္လုိပါသည္ဟုဆုိသည္ထက္ ႏွစ္ဆတက္ေသာ ဥစၥာပစၥည္းကုိ မ.စ ေပးကမ္းႏွင့္၏။
Sons of householders! By these four marks you may recognise the good friend of good heart who will be your support.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ဤေလးပါးေသာအေၾကာင္းတုိ႔ျဖင့္စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာဥပကာရမည္ေသာကလ်ာဏ မိတ္စစ္ကုိ သိအပ္၏။
The text continues with the four marks by which to recognise the friend of good heart who will not part from his friend, either in good times or in bad, who will be called samāna sukha dukkha (company in joy and sorrow):
ဤအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ေလးေယာက္တုိ႔တြင္ စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာ ခ်မ္းသာဆင္းရဲမကြဲတူမွ် ျဖစ္ေသာ သမာနသုခဒုကၡမည္ေသာ မိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိ အေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ သိအပ္၏။
“Catūhi kho gahapatiputta ¥hānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo. Gunnhyamassa ācikkhati, gunnhyamassa parigūhati, āpadāsu na vijahati, jīvitampissa atthāya pariccatthaµ hoti. Imehi kho gahapatiputta catūhi ¥hānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo.
That is to say: Sons of householders! By these four marks you may recognise the good friend of good heart who can be called a companion in joy and in sorrow.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊စင္စစ္ေသာ္ကားစိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာခ်မ္းသာဆင္းရဲမကြဲတူမွ်ျဖစ္ေသာသမာနသုခ ဒုကၡမည္ေသာ မိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိ အေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ သိအပ္၏။
He will keep from being spread abroad anything confidential which you may consult him about. When danger threatens, such as a water-tortoise, a bear, a falcon, a lion or lioness, such a friend will not give you up. Such a friend will even give up his own life for his friend's benefit, as did Sumukha.
မိမိ၏လွ်ိဳ႕ဝွက္ေကာင္းေသာစကားကုိထုိအေဆြခင္ပြန္းအားသာလွ်င္ေျပာၾကားတုိင္ပင္၏၊ထုိအေဆြခင္ပြန္း၏ လွ်ိဳ႕ဝွက္ေကာင္းေသာစကားကုိထက္ဝန္းက်င္လုံေအာင္ေစာင့္၏၊ေဘးရန္ႀကဳံလတ္ေသာေရလိပ္၊ဝံ၊သိန္းဖုိ၊ သိန္းမ၊သီဟရာဇာတုိ႔ကဲ့သုိ႔မစြန္႔၊ထုိအေဆြခင္ပြန္း၏အက်ိဳးငွာ မိမိအသက္ကုိေသာ္လည္းသုမုခကဲ့သုိ႔စြန္႔ စား၏။
Sons of householders! It is by these marks that you will recognise the friend who will stay with you through good times and bad times, in joy and in sorrow.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာသမာနသုခဒုကၡမည္ေသာ ကလ်ာဏမိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိ သိအပ္၏။
The text continues with the four marks by which to recognise the friend of good heart who will deserve the name of atthakkhāyī among the four types, who will speak for your moral benefit:
ဤအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ေလးေယာက္တုိ႔တြင္စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာအက်ိဳးရွိအံ့သည္ကုိသာေျပာေဟာ ေလ့ရွိေသာအတၳကၡာယီမည္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ကုိအေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတု႔ိျဖင့္သိအပ္၏ဟု၎ပါဠိ ေတာ္၌ ေဟာေတာ္မူသည္။
“Catuhi kho gahapatiputta ¥hānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo. Pāpā nivāreti, kalayā¼e niveseti, assutaµ sāveti, saggassa maggaµ ācikkhati. Imehi kho gahapatiputta caūhi ¥hānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo.
That is to say: Sons of householders! By these four marks you may recognise good friends of good heart who will be called atthakkhāyī (showing what is profitable).
သူႂကြယ္သားစင္စစ္ေသာ္ကား၊စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာအက်ိဳးရွိအံ့သည္ကုိသာေျပာေဟာေလ့ရွိေသာ အတၳကၡာယီမည္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ကုိအေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတု႔ိျဖင့္သိအပ္၏ဟု၎ပါဠိေတာ္၌ေဟာ ေတာ္မူသည္။
He is the friend who will keep you from an action that is a demerit, telling you that it is unbecoming to do paltry things which may bring blame upon you, disgraceful and dirty things that low people do.
ပဥၥေဝရ၊ဒသအကုသလကမၼပထမွ မေရမရာ၊ ပါယ္ရြာခ်တတ္၊ ယုတ္ပတ္ညစ္က်ဴး၊ လူသြမ္းမႈကုိ၊ မျပဳပါလင့္ဟု၊ ျပသက်ိဳးျပစ္၊ တားျမစ္ေပတတ္၏၊
He is the friend who persists like a potter in shaping you in the pañcasīla, in the ten meritorious actions, such as Charity (dāna).
ပဥၥသီလ၊ ဒသကုသလကမၼပထ၊ဒါနစေသာကုသုိလ္တရား၌ ဃဋိကာရကဲ့သုိ႔ မရမကတည္ေစတတ္။
He will hold you always to paying attention to small points of old custom. Such a friend will keep your attention on the Way to the Land of the Spirits.
မၾကားစေတာင္း၊ထုံးေဟာင္းနည္းနာ၊သိမ့္ေမြ႕စြာေသာအေၾကာင္းကုိၾကားေစ၏။ထုိအေဆြခင္ပြန္းအားနတ္ရြာ လမ္းကုိ ၾကားေပးတတ္၏။
Sons of householders! It is by these marks that you will recognise the friend who will bring you moral benefits.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာအတၳကၡာယီမည္ေသာ မိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိသိအပ္၏။
The text continues with the four marks by which to recognise the friend of good heart among the four types, who will deserve the name anukampaka, the friend who will give you love and honour:
ဤအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ေလးေယာက္တုိ႔တြင္စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာခ်စ္ခင္ေလးျမတ္သနားတတ္ေသာ အနဳကမၸကမည္ေသာ မိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိ အေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတု႔ိျဖင့္ သိအပ္၏။
“Catūhi kho gahapatiputta ¥hānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo. Abhavenassa na nandati, bhavenassa nandati, ava¼¼aµ bha¼amānaµ nivāreti, va¼¼aµ bha¼amānaµ pasamsati. Imehikho gahapatiputta catūhi ¥hānehi anukanmpako mitto suhado veditabboti.
That is to say: Sons of householders! By these four marks you may recognise good friends of good heart who will be called anukampaka.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊စင္စစ္ေသာ္ကား၊အေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာအနဳကမၸက မည္ေသာ မိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိ သိအပ္၏။
They will have no fondness for waste through the display of wealth and restless travel: they will prefer to cultivate their own well-being in their own place.
ထုိအေဆြခင္ပြန္း၏ ေႁခြရံစည္းစိမ္၊ မၿငိမ္ေရြ႕ရွား၊ ပ်က္ျပားျခင္းျဖင့္မႏွစ္သက္။ ထုိအေဆြခင္ပြန္း၏ စည္းစိမ္ေခၽြရံ၊ ဌာနႏၱရ သုခပြားစီးသျဖင့္ ႏွစ္သက္၏။
When people speak ill of their friends, they will check them and they will encourage those who speak well of them.
မိမိမိတ္ေဆြအားကဲ့ရဲ႕စကားေျပာဆုိသူကုိတားျမစ္ေပးတတ္၍ခ်ီးမြမ္းစကားေျပာဆုိသူကုိ ခ်ီးမြမ္းတတ္၏။
Sons of householders! It is by these four marks that you will recognise the friend who will deserve the name of anukampaka, the one who is kind and loving.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာအနဳကမၸကမည္ေသာ မိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိ သိအပ္၏။
Into these four types of friends will fall one's parents and other benefactors who will be in the class of friends who are called upakāra (helpers).
ဤအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ေလးေယာက္တုိ႔တြင္မိခင္၊ဖခင္၊ေက်းဇူးရွင္တုိ႔သည္ဥပကာရမည္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းမ်ိဳး ျဖစ္၏။
Family servants, brothers, sons and other such loving family are those who will stand by you in poverty or in prosperity and are the class of friends who are called samænasukadukkha, those who will endure both grief and joy.
ေက်းရင္း၊ကၽြန္ရင္း၊ညီသား၊အစ္ကုိ၊ခ်စ္ခင္စုံမက္ေသာေဆြမ်ိဳးစသည္တုိ႔သည္ဆင္းရဲအတူခ်မ္းသာအမွ်ဝင္၍ ခံတတ္ေသာ သမာနသုခဒုကၡမည္ေသာ အေဆြခင္ပြန္းမ်ိဳးျဖစ္၏။
Great sages have said that (atthakkhæyø) they count their family servants among their anukampaka friends because they have shown where their welfare lay and have admonished them.
ပညာရွိသူေတာ္ေကာင္းလူႀကီးတုိ႔သည္က်ိဳးေၾကာင္းျပသဆုိဆုံးမတတ္ေသာေၾကာင့္အတၳကၡာယီမည္ေသာ အေဆြခင္ပြန္းမ်ိဳးျဖစ္၍မိမိကုိခ်စ္ခင္စုံမက္ေသာေက်းကၽြန္အသိအကၽြမ္းတုိ႔သည္အႏုကမၸကမည္ေသာ အေဆြခင္ပြန္းမ်ိဳးျဖစ္၏။
The seventh Anguttaranikāya text has the following on the kinds of friends with whom one should usually associate oneself:
သာမညအေဆြခင္ပြန္းမ်ိဳးမခြဲျခမ္းသျဖင့္ေပါင္းေဖာ္အပ္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းေကာင္းအဂၤါခုနစ္ပါးရွိသည္ကုိ သတၱဂုၤတၱရပါဠိေတာ္၌ ဤသုိ႔ေဟာေတာ္မူ၏။
“Duddadaµ dadāti mitto,
dukkarañcāpi kubbati;
athopissa duruttæni,
khamati dukkhamāni ca.
“Gunnhyañca tassa akkhāti,
gunnhyassa parigūhati;
āpadasu na jahāti,
khīnena nātimaññati;
yammhi etāni ¥hānāni,
saµvijjantīdha puggale;
so mitto mittakāmena,
bhajitabbo tathāvidho”ti.
That is to say: - One who is a proper friend will give away to you wealth and position which it takes an effort to part with: in a situation that is hard to bear, he will endure. Besides this he will stand up against harsh words and in unbearable situations.
အေဆြခင္ပြန္းေကာင္းျဖစ္မူကား၊ေပးနုိင္ခဲေသာဥစၥာပစၥည္း၊ရာထူးဌာနႏၱရကုိေပးတတ္၏၊သည္ပုိးရြက္ေဆာင္ ျခင္းငွာခက္ခဲေသာအမႈကိစၥတုိ႔ကုိလည္းသည္ပုိးရြက္ေဆာင္တတ္၏၊ၾကမ္းတမ္းရုန္႔ရင္းစြာေျပာဆုိေသာ စကားတုိ႔ကုိလည္းေကာင္း မခံနုိင္ေအာင္ျပဳက်င့္ေသာအမႈကိစၥတုိ႔ကုိလည္းေကာင္း သည္းခံတတ္၏။
Such a friend will advise you in matters of confidence; this friend will keep matters that are secret separated from other matters.
မိတ္ေဆြ၏ လွ်ိဳ႕ဝွက္ခ်က္ကိစၥတုိ႔ကုိလည္း ေျပာၾကားတုိင္ပင္၏၊မိတ္ေဆြ၏လွ်ိဳ႕ဝွက္ခ်က္ကုိလည္းထက္ဝန္းက်င္ လုံၿခဳံေအာင္ လွ်ိဳ႕ဝွက္ေပးတတ္၏။
If there is danger, he will not abandon you. If his friend's wealth or position should diminish, he will not despise and reproach him.
ေဘးရန္ႏွင့္ႀကဳံေတြ႔ေသာ္စြန္႔ပစ္မထားခဲ့၊အေဆြခင္ပြန္း၌စည္းစိမ္ဥစၥာ၊ရာထူးနိမ့္က်ကုန္ခမ္းျခင္းေၾကာင့္လည္း မထီမဲ့ျမင္ ေစာ္ကားရုိင္းပ်ျခင္းကုိ မျပဳ။
These seven characteristics will be found anywhere there is real friendship. Anyone who wishes for a good friend must hold firmly to his friend who had these seven qualities.
ဤအခ်က္အလက္ခုနစ္ပါးႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံေသာမိတ္ေဆြမ်ိဳးကုိအေဆြခင္ပြန္းေကာင္းကုိလုိလားေသာသူသည္မွီဝဲ ဆည္းကပ္၊ေပါင္းသင္းအပ္၏။
The Singala Sutta describes how good friends of the four sorts that have been spoken of here described, are to be loved and held close as one's own children, as follows:
ဤသုိ႔ဆုိအပ္ခဲ့ၿပီးေသာမိတ္ေဆြေကာင္းေလးေယာက္တုိ႔ကုိရင္၌ျဖစ္ေသာသားကဲ့သုိ႔ခ်စ္ခင္စုံမက္အပ္သည္ကုိ သိဂၤါလသုတ္ပါဠိေတာ္၌ ဤသုိ႔ေဟာေတာ္မူသည္။
“Upakāro ca yo mitto,
sukhe dukkhe ca yo sakhā;
atthakkhāyī ca yo mitto,
yo ca mittānukampako;
ete pi mitte cattāro,
iti viññāya pa¼ðito.
“Sakkaccaµ payirupāseyya,
mātā puttaµ va orasaµ;
pa¼ðito sīlasampanno,
jalaµ aggīva bhāsati.
That is to say: The true, good companion who can bring you special grace – the companion for whom good times and bad are the same - the companion who will bring you moral benefits - the companion who will give you kindness and love - when you find companions truly of the four sorts that we speak of, wise and learned men say, you must hold on to them as you hold on to your own children, or to your mother and keep them close every day.
ေက်းဇူးအထူးကုိျပဳတတ္ေသာမိတ္ေဆြ၊ခ်မ္းသာဆင္းရဲအားျဖင့္သာတူညီမွ်ျဖစ္ေသာမိတ္ေဆြ၊အက်ိဳးရွိအံ့သည္ ကုိသာေျပာေလ့ရွိေသာမိတ္ေဆြ၊ခ်စ္ခင္ေလးျမတ္၊သနားတတ္ေသာမိတ္ေဆြဟူကုန္ေသာေလးေယာက္ေသာ မိတ္ေကာင္းေဆြေကာင္းတုိ႔ကုိဆုိအပ္ခဲ့ၿပီးေသာနည္းျဖင့္သိ၍ရင္၌ျဖစ္ေသာသားကုိအမိသည္ဆည္းကပ္သကဲ့ သုိ႔ ေၾကာင္းက်ိဳးျမင္သိ ပညာရွိသည္ ေန႔စဥ္မျပတ္ရုိေသစြာဆည္းကပ္ရာ၏။
By always holding to such good associations, good men, strong in religion, blaze out brightly as the beacon on the mountain's summit shines out over the surrounding land in a time that has fallen into darkness and folly.
ထုိသုိ႔မိတ္ေကာင္းေဆြေကာင္းကုိေပါင္းေဖာ္ဘက္ျပဳသည္ရွိေသာ္သီလႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံေသာေၾကာင္းက်ိဳးျမင္သိ ပညာရွိသည္မုိက္မည္းေမွာင္က်သည့္ကာလဝယ္ေတာက္ပညီးညီးေတာင္ထိပ္မီးသုိ႔ပတ္လည္ဝန္းက်င္ ေျမျပင္ခပင္း၊ ထြန္းလင္းေတာက္ပ၏။
က်မ္းကုိး ...
ပါထိကဝဂၢပါဠိ၊ ၈။သိဂၤါလသုတ္၊ ႏွာ-၃-၁၅၁/ ၁၀၊သဂၤ ီတိသုတ္၊ ႏွာ-၃-၂၂၃
၁၅၊ ဝီသတိနိပါတ္၊ (၅၀၂) ၆။စူဠဟံသဇာတ္၊ ႏွာ-႒-၄-၄၂၅-၆
အဂၤုတၱရနိကာယ၊ ပဥၥကနိပါတ္၊ (၁၈) ၃၊ဥပါသကဝဂ္၊ ၄။ေဝရသုတ္၊ ႏွာ-၂-၁၈၀/ သတၱကနိပါတ္၊ ၄။ေဒဝတာဝဂ္၊ ၅။ပဌမမိတၱသုတ္၊ ႏွာ-၂-၄၂၁
မစၨ်ိမပဏၰာသ၊ ၄။ ရာဇဝဂ္၊ ၁။ ဃဋိကာရသုတ္၊ ႏွာ-၂-၂၃၇-၈-၉
The same text says that there are four true friends who are to be cherished and kept close like one's own children. According to this scripture:
ရင္မွျဖစ္ေသာသားကဲ့သုိ႔အသက္ထက္ဆုံးေပါင္းေဖာ္မွီဝဲအပ္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ေလးေယာက္ရွိသည္ကုိ ၎ပါဠိေတာ္၌ ဤသုိ႔ေဟာေတာ္မူ၏။
“Cattāro me gahapatiputta mittā suhadā veditabbæ. Upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo, samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo, atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo, anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo.
That is to say: Sons of householders! You must recognise four types of friends who are proved good.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ေကာင္းေသာႏွလုံးရွိကုန္ေသာကလ်ာဏမိတ္စစ္ျဖစ္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းေလးေယာက္တုိ႔ကုိသိ အပ္ကုန္၏။
You must recognise as good friends, first, those who are good in heart and who can provide special assistance; second, those of good heart who will be your good friends in good times and in bad; third, those of good heart who will be good friends, only speaking to your moral benefit; fourth, those of good heart who will be good friends who will give you love, honour and sympathy.
စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာ ေက်းဇူးအထူးကုိျပဳတတ္ေသာ မိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိလည္းေကာင္း၊ ခ်မ္းသာဆင္းရဲ မကြဲတူမွ်ျဖစ္ေသာမိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိလည္းေကာင္း၊အက်ိဳးရွိအံ့သည္ကုိသာေျပာေဟာေလ့ရွိေသာမိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိ လည္းေကာင္း၊ ခ်စ္ခင္ေလးျမတ္သနားတတ္ေသာမိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိလည္းေကာင္း သိအပ္၏။
The text also gives the following marks by which to recognise out of these four types those true friends, your support, who are of good heart and who can provide you with special assistance,
ဤအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ေလးေယာက္တုိ႔တြင္ စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာေက်းဇူးအထူးကုိေျပာဆုိ တတ္ေသာ ဥပကာရမည္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ကုိေလးပါးေသာအေၾကာင္းတုိ႔ျဖင့္သိအပ္၏ဟု၎ပါဠိေတာ္၌ေဟာေတာ္ မူ၏။
“Catūhi kho gahapatiputta ¥hānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo. Pamattaµ rakkhati, pamatassa sāpateyyaµ rakkhati, bhītassa sara¼aµ hoti, uppannesu kiccakara¼īyesu taddigunaµ bhogaµ anuppadeti. Imehi kho gahapatiputta ¥hānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo.
That is to say: Sons of householders! By these four marks you may recognise a good friend of good heart, who is your support.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊စင္စစ္ေသာ္ကားေလးပါးကုန္ေသာအေၾကာင္းတုိ႔ျဖင့္စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာ၊ဥပကာရ မည္ေသာ၊ကလ်ာဏမိတ္စစ္ျဖစ္ေသာ အေဆြခင္ပြန္းကုိ သိအပ္၏။
He will protect his friend from drunkenness and carelessness. He will protect from loss the property of his friend when he is neglectful. In any crisis, when his friend is afraid, he will tell him, "What is there to be afraid of when you have so stout a companion at your side as myself?" and so encourage him to think better of himself and dismiss the danger.
ယစ္မူးေမ့ေလ်ာ့ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းကုိေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေစာင္မတတ္၏၊ေမ့ေလ်ာ့ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္း၏ဥစၥာ ပစၥည္းကုိေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေစာင္မတတ္၏၊တစ္စုံတစ္ရာအေရးေရာက္၍ထိတ္လန္႔ေၾကာက္ရြံ႕ေနေသာအေဆြ ခင္ပြန္း၏ငါသုိ႔သသူသဟဲရွိလွ်က္အဘယ္တစ္စိေၾကာက္ဘိသနည္းဟုအားေပး၍ထုိေဘးမွကယ္ေပးတတ္ ေသာ ကုိးကြယ္ရာျဖစ္၏။
When there is any enterprise to be undertaken, he will ask his friend how much he needs to spend upon it and, unasked, will offer more help than is estimated from his own resources.
ျပဳဖြယ္အမႈကိစၥတုိ႔ေပၚေပါက္လာကုန္လတ္ေသာ္ထုိအေဆြခင္ပြန္းမည္မွ်သုံးရန္လုိပါသည္ဟုဆုိသည္ထက္ ႏွစ္ဆတက္ေသာ ဥစၥာပစၥည္းကုိ မ.စ ေပးကမ္းႏွင့္၏။
Sons of householders! By these four marks you may recognise the good friend of good heart who will be your support.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ဤေလးပါးေသာအေၾကာင္းတုိ႔ျဖင့္စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာဥပကာရမည္ေသာကလ်ာဏ မိတ္စစ္ကုိ သိအပ္၏။
The text continues with the four marks by which to recognise the friend of good heart who will not part from his friend, either in good times or in bad, who will be called samāna sukha dukkha (company in joy and sorrow):
ဤအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ေလးေယာက္တုိ႔တြင္ စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာ ခ်မ္းသာဆင္းရဲမကြဲတူမွ် ျဖစ္ေသာ သမာနသုခဒုကၡမည္ေသာ မိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိ အေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ သိအပ္၏။
“Catūhi kho gahapatiputta ¥hānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo. Gunnhyamassa ācikkhati, gunnhyamassa parigūhati, āpadāsu na vijahati, jīvitampissa atthāya pariccatthaµ hoti. Imehi kho gahapatiputta catūhi ¥hānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo.
That is to say: Sons of householders! By these four marks you may recognise the good friend of good heart who can be called a companion in joy and in sorrow.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊စင္စစ္ေသာ္ကားစိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာခ်မ္းသာဆင္းရဲမကြဲတူမွ်ျဖစ္ေသာသမာနသုခ ဒုကၡမည္ေသာ မိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိ အေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ သိအပ္၏။
He will keep from being spread abroad anything confidential which you may consult him about. When danger threatens, such as a water-tortoise, a bear, a falcon, a lion or lioness, such a friend will not give you up. Such a friend will even give up his own life for his friend's benefit, as did Sumukha.
မိမိ၏လွ်ိဳ႕ဝွက္ေကာင္းေသာစကားကုိထုိအေဆြခင္ပြန္းအားသာလွ်င္ေျပာၾကားတုိင္ပင္၏၊ထုိအေဆြခင္ပြန္း၏ လွ်ိဳ႕ဝွက္ေကာင္းေသာစကားကုိထက္ဝန္းက်င္လုံေအာင္ေစာင့္၏၊ေဘးရန္ႀကဳံလတ္ေသာေရလိပ္၊ဝံ၊သိန္းဖုိ၊ သိန္းမ၊သီဟရာဇာတုိ႔ကဲ့သုိ႔မစြန္႔၊ထုိအေဆြခင္ပြန္း၏အက်ိဳးငွာ မိမိအသက္ကုိေသာ္လည္းသုမုခကဲ့သုိ႔စြန္႔ စား၏။
Sons of householders! It is by these marks that you will recognise the friend who will stay with you through good times and bad times, in joy and in sorrow.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာသမာနသုခဒုကၡမည္ေသာ ကလ်ာဏမိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိ သိအပ္၏။
The text continues with the four marks by which to recognise the friend of good heart who will deserve the name of atthakkhāyī among the four types, who will speak for your moral benefit:
ဤအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ေလးေယာက္တုိ႔တြင္စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာအက်ိဳးရွိအံ့သည္ကုိသာေျပာေဟာ ေလ့ရွိေသာအတၳကၡာယီမည္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ကုိအေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတု႔ိျဖင့္သိအပ္၏ဟု၎ပါဠိ ေတာ္၌ ေဟာေတာ္မူသည္။
“Catuhi kho gahapatiputta ¥hānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo. Pāpā nivāreti, kalayā¼e niveseti, assutaµ sāveti, saggassa maggaµ ācikkhati. Imehi kho gahapatiputta caūhi ¥hānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo.
That is to say: Sons of householders! By these four marks you may recognise good friends of good heart who will be called atthakkhāyī (showing what is profitable).
သူႂကြယ္သားစင္စစ္ေသာ္ကား၊စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာအက်ိဳးရွိအံ့သည္ကုိသာေျပာေဟာေလ့ရွိေသာ အတၳကၡာယီမည္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ကုိအေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတု႔ိျဖင့္သိအပ္၏ဟု၎ပါဠိေတာ္၌ေဟာ ေတာ္မူသည္။
He is the friend who will keep you from an action that is a demerit, telling you that it is unbecoming to do paltry things which may bring blame upon you, disgraceful and dirty things that low people do.
ပဥၥေဝရ၊ဒသအကုသလကမၼပထမွ မေရမရာ၊ ပါယ္ရြာခ်တတ္၊ ယုတ္ပတ္ညစ္က်ဴး၊ လူသြမ္းမႈကုိ၊ မျပဳပါလင့္ဟု၊ ျပသက်ိဳးျပစ္၊ တားျမစ္ေပတတ္၏၊
He is the friend who persists like a potter in shaping you in the pañcasīla, in the ten meritorious actions, such as Charity (dāna).
ပဥၥသီလ၊ ဒသကုသလကမၼပထ၊ဒါနစေသာကုသုိလ္တရား၌ ဃဋိကာရကဲ့သုိ႔ မရမကတည္ေစတတ္။
He will hold you always to paying attention to small points of old custom. Such a friend will keep your attention on the Way to the Land of the Spirits.
မၾကားစေတာင္း၊ထုံးေဟာင္းနည္းနာ၊သိမ့္ေမြ႕စြာေသာအေၾကာင္းကုိၾကားေစ၏။ထုိအေဆြခင္ပြန္းအားနတ္ရြာ လမ္းကုိ ၾကားေပးတတ္၏။
Sons of householders! It is by these marks that you will recognise the friend who will bring you moral benefits.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာအတၳကၡာယီမည္ေသာ မိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိသိအပ္၏။
The text continues with the four marks by which to recognise the friend of good heart among the four types, who will deserve the name anukampaka, the friend who will give you love and honour:
ဤအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ေလးေယာက္တုိ႔တြင္စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာခ်စ္ခင္ေလးျမတ္သနားတတ္ေသာ အနဳကမၸကမည္ေသာ မိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိ အေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတု႔ိျဖင့္ သိအပ္၏။
“Catūhi kho gahapatiputta ¥hānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo. Abhavenassa na nandati, bhavenassa nandati, ava¼¼aµ bha¼amānaµ nivāreti, va¼¼aµ bha¼amānaµ pasamsati. Imehikho gahapatiputta catūhi ¥hānehi anukanmpako mitto suhado veditabboti.
That is to say: Sons of householders! By these four marks you may recognise good friends of good heart who will be called anukampaka.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊စင္စစ္ေသာ္ကား၊အေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာအနဳကမၸက မည္ေသာ မိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိ သိအပ္၏။
They will have no fondness for waste through the display of wealth and restless travel: they will prefer to cultivate their own well-being in their own place.
ထုိအေဆြခင္ပြန္း၏ ေႁခြရံစည္းစိမ္၊ မၿငိမ္ေရြ႕ရွား၊ ပ်က္ျပားျခင္းျဖင့္မႏွစ္သက္။ ထုိအေဆြခင္ပြန္း၏ စည္းစိမ္ေခၽြရံ၊ ဌာနႏၱရ သုခပြားစီးသျဖင့္ ႏွစ္သက္၏။
When people speak ill of their friends, they will check them and they will encourage those who speak well of them.
မိမိမိတ္ေဆြအားကဲ့ရဲ႕စကားေျပာဆုိသူကုိတားျမစ္ေပးတတ္၍ခ်ီးမြမ္းစကားေျပာဆုိသူကုိ ခ်ီးမြမ္းတတ္၏။
Sons of householders! It is by these four marks that you will recognise the friend who will deserve the name of anukampaka, the one who is kind and loving.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားေလးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွလုံးေကာင္းရွိေသာအနဳကမၸကမည္ေသာ မိတ္ေဆြစစ္ကုိ သိအပ္၏။
Into these four types of friends will fall one's parents and other benefactors who will be in the class of friends who are called upakāra (helpers).
ဤအေဆြခင္ပြန္းစစ္ေလးေယာက္တုိ႔တြင္မိခင္၊ဖခင္၊ေက်းဇူးရွင္တုိ႔သည္ဥပကာရမည္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းမ်ိဳး ျဖစ္၏။
Family servants, brothers, sons and other such loving family are those who will stand by you in poverty or in prosperity and are the class of friends who are called samænasukadukkha, those who will endure both grief and joy.
ေက်းရင္း၊ကၽြန္ရင္း၊ညီသား၊အစ္ကုိ၊ခ်စ္ခင္စုံမက္ေသာေဆြမ်ိဳးစသည္တုိ႔သည္ဆင္းရဲအတူခ်မ္းသာအမွ်ဝင္၍ ခံတတ္ေသာ သမာနသုခဒုကၡမည္ေသာ အေဆြခင္ပြန္းမ်ိဳးျဖစ္၏။
Great sages have said that (atthakkhæyø) they count their family servants among their anukampaka friends because they have shown where their welfare lay and have admonished them.
ပညာရွိသူေတာ္ေကာင္းလူႀကီးတုိ႔သည္က်ိဳးေၾကာင္းျပသဆုိဆုံးမတတ္ေသာေၾကာင့္အတၳကၡာယီမည္ေသာ အေဆြခင္ပြန္းမ်ိဳးျဖစ္၍မိမိကုိခ်စ္ခင္စုံမက္ေသာေက်းကၽြန္အသိအကၽြမ္းတုိ႔သည္အႏုကမၸကမည္ေသာ အေဆြခင္ပြန္းမ်ိဳးျဖစ္၏။
The seventh Anguttaranikāya text has the following on the kinds of friends with whom one should usually associate oneself:
သာမညအေဆြခင္ပြန္းမ်ိဳးမခြဲျခမ္းသျဖင့္ေပါင္းေဖာ္အပ္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းေကာင္းအဂၤါခုနစ္ပါးရွိသည္ကုိ သတၱဂုၤတၱရပါဠိေတာ္၌ ဤသုိ႔ေဟာေတာ္မူ၏။
“Duddadaµ dadāti mitto,
dukkarañcāpi kubbati;
athopissa duruttæni,
khamati dukkhamāni ca.
“Gunnhyañca tassa akkhāti,
gunnhyassa parigūhati;
āpadasu na jahāti,
khīnena nātimaññati;
yammhi etāni ¥hānāni,
saµvijjantīdha puggale;
so mitto mittakāmena,
bhajitabbo tathāvidho”ti.
That is to say: - One who is a proper friend will give away to you wealth and position which it takes an effort to part with: in a situation that is hard to bear, he will endure. Besides this he will stand up against harsh words and in unbearable situations.
အေဆြခင္ပြန္းေကာင္းျဖစ္မူကား၊ေပးနုိင္ခဲေသာဥစၥာပစၥည္း၊ရာထူးဌာနႏၱရကုိေပးတတ္၏၊သည္ပုိးရြက္ေဆာင္ ျခင္းငွာခက္ခဲေသာအမႈကိစၥတုိ႔ကုိလည္းသည္ပုိးရြက္ေဆာင္တတ္၏၊ၾကမ္းတမ္းရုန္႔ရင္းစြာေျပာဆုိေသာ စကားတုိ႔ကုိလည္းေကာင္း မခံနုိင္ေအာင္ျပဳက်င့္ေသာအမႈကိစၥတုိ႔ကုိလည္းေကာင္း သည္းခံတတ္၏။
Such a friend will advise you in matters of confidence; this friend will keep matters that are secret separated from other matters.
မိတ္ေဆြ၏ လွ်ိဳ႕ဝွက္ခ်က္ကိစၥတုိ႔ကုိလည္း ေျပာၾကားတုိင္ပင္၏၊မိတ္ေဆြ၏လွ်ိဳ႕ဝွက္ခ်က္ကုိလည္းထက္ဝန္းက်င္ လုံၿခဳံေအာင္ လွ်ိဳ႕ဝွက္ေပးတတ္၏။
If there is danger, he will not abandon you. If his friend's wealth or position should diminish, he will not despise and reproach him.
ေဘးရန္ႏွင့္ႀကဳံေတြ႔ေသာ္စြန္႔ပစ္မထားခဲ့၊အေဆြခင္ပြန္း၌စည္းစိမ္ဥစၥာ၊ရာထူးနိမ့္က်ကုန္ခမ္းျခင္းေၾကာင့္လည္း မထီမဲ့ျမင္ ေစာ္ကားရုိင္းပ်ျခင္းကုိ မျပဳ။
These seven characteristics will be found anywhere there is real friendship. Anyone who wishes for a good friend must hold firmly to his friend who had these seven qualities.
ဤအခ်က္အလက္ခုနစ္ပါးႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံေသာမိတ္ေဆြမ်ိဳးကုိအေဆြခင္ပြန္းေကာင္းကုိလုိလားေသာသူသည္မွီဝဲ ဆည္းကပ္၊ေပါင္းသင္းအပ္၏။
The Singala Sutta describes how good friends of the four sorts that have been spoken of here described, are to be loved and held close as one's own children, as follows:
ဤသုိ႔ဆုိအပ္ခဲ့ၿပီးေသာမိတ္ေဆြေကာင္းေလးေယာက္တုိ႔ကုိရင္၌ျဖစ္ေသာသားကဲ့သုိ႔ခ်စ္ခင္စုံမက္အပ္သည္ကုိ သိဂၤါလသုတ္ပါဠိေတာ္၌ ဤသုိ႔ေဟာေတာ္မူသည္။
“Upakāro ca yo mitto,
sukhe dukkhe ca yo sakhā;
atthakkhāyī ca yo mitto,
yo ca mittānukampako;
ete pi mitte cattāro,
iti viññāya pa¼ðito.
“Sakkaccaµ payirupāseyya,
mātā puttaµ va orasaµ;
pa¼ðito sīlasampanno,
jalaµ aggīva bhāsati.
That is to say: The true, good companion who can bring you special grace – the companion for whom good times and bad are the same - the companion who will bring you moral benefits - the companion who will give you kindness and love - when you find companions truly of the four sorts that we speak of, wise and learned men say, you must hold on to them as you hold on to your own children, or to your mother and keep them close every day.
ေက်းဇူးအထူးကုိျပဳတတ္ေသာမိတ္ေဆြ၊ခ်မ္းသာဆင္းရဲအားျဖင့္သာတူညီမွ်ျဖစ္ေသာမိတ္ေဆြ၊အက်ိဳးရွိအံ့သည္ ကုိသာေျပာေလ့ရွိေသာမိတ္ေဆြ၊ခ်စ္ခင္ေလးျမတ္၊သနားတတ္ေသာမိတ္ေဆြဟူကုန္ေသာေလးေယာက္ေသာ မိတ္ေကာင္းေဆြေကာင္းတုိ႔ကုိဆုိအပ္ခဲ့ၿပီးေသာနည္းျဖင့္သိ၍ရင္၌ျဖစ္ေသာသားကုိအမိသည္ဆည္းကပ္သကဲ့ သုိ႔ ေၾကာင္းက်ိဳးျမင္သိ ပညာရွိသည္ ေန႔စဥ္မျပတ္ရုိေသစြာဆည္းကပ္ရာ၏။
By always holding to such good associations, good men, strong in religion, blaze out brightly as the beacon on the mountain's summit shines out over the surrounding land in a time that has fallen into darkness and folly.
ထုိသုိ႔မိတ္ေကာင္းေဆြေကာင္းကုိေပါင္းေဖာ္ဘက္ျပဳသည္ရွိေသာ္သီလႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံေသာေၾကာင္းက်ိဳးျမင္သိ ပညာရွိသည္မုိက္မည္းေမွာင္က်သည့္ကာလဝယ္ေတာက္ပညီးညီးေတာင္ထိပ္မီးသုိ႔ပတ္လည္ဝန္းက်င္ ေျမျပင္ခပင္း၊ ထြန္းလင္းေတာက္ပ၏။
က်မ္းကုိး ...
ပါထိကဝဂၢပါဠိ၊ ၈။သိဂၤါလသုတ္၊ ႏွာ-၃-၁၅၁/ ၁၀၊သဂၤ ီတိသုတ္၊ ႏွာ-၃-၂၂၃
၁၅၊ ဝီသတိနိပါတ္၊ (၅၀၂) ၆။စူဠဟံသဇာတ္၊ ႏွာ-႒-၄-၄၂၅-၆
အဂၤုတၱရနိကာယ၊ ပဥၥကနိပါတ္၊ (၁၈) ၃၊ဥပါသကဝဂ္၊ ၄။ေဝရသုတ္၊ ႏွာ-၂-၁၈၀/ သတၱကနိပါတ္၊ ၄။ေဒဝတာဝဂ္၊ ၅။ပဌမမိတၱသုတ္၊ ႏွာ-၂-၄၂၁
မစၨ်ိမပဏၰာသ၊ ၄။ ရာဇဝဂ္၊ ၁။ ဃဋိကာရသုတ္၊ ႏွာ-၂-၂၃၇-၈-၉
