၈။ အေဆြခင္ပြန္းေကာင္းတုိ႔ျပဳရာေသာ ဝတ္ငါးပါး
In this scheme of the six directions, the northern quarter is that of good companionship where there lie the five duties owed by sons and daughters of good families and the reciprocal duties owed to them by their well-bred friends and companions: These duties are set out in the following text:
ဤအရပ္ေျခာက္ပါးတုိ႔တြင္ အေဆြခင္ပြန္းေကာင္းဟူေသာ ေျမာက္အရပ္၌ အမ်ိဳးေကာင္းသား၊သမီးတုိ႔က်င့္သုံး ေဆာက္တည္အပ္ေသာ ဝတ္ငါးပါးရွိသည္ကုိလည္းေကာင္း၊အေဆြခင္ပြန္းေကာင္း ျဖစ္သူတုိ႔က အမ်ိဳး ေကာင္း သား၊သမီးတုိ႔ကုိ ျပန္၍က်င့္သုံးေဆာက္တည္အပ္ေသာ ဝတ္ငါးပါးရွိသည္ကုိလည္းေကာင္း ပါဠိေတာ္၌ေအာက္ပါ အတုိင္းေဟာေတာ္မူ၏။
Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta ¥hānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupa¥¥hātabbā- dānena, peyyavajjena, atthacariyāya, samānattātāya, avisaµvādanatāya. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta pañcahi ¥hānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupa¥¥hitā pañcahi ¥hānehi kulaputtaµ anukampenti- amatthaµ rakkhanti, pamattassa sapateyyaµ rakkhanti, bhītassa saranaµ honti, āpadāsu na vijahanti, aparapajā cassa pa¥ipūjenti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta pañcahi ¥hānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupa¥¥hitā imehi pañcahi ¥hānehi kulaputtaµ anukampenti. Evamassa esā uttarā disā pa¥icchannā hoti khemā apa¥ibhayā.
That is to say: Sons of householders! As men of good family you need to cultivate your good friends and companions, who are said to occupy the northern quarter, in five ways.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ အမ်ိဳးေကာင္းသား၊သမီးသည္ ေျမာက္အရပ္မည္ကုန္ေသာ အေဆြခင္ပြန္းေကာင္းတုိ႔ကုိ အေၾကာင္း တရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ လုပ္ေကၽြးအပ္ကုန္၏။
First, dāna- for those who like to receive gifts, the way is to provide them appropriately with goods. Second, peyyavajja- for those who only like to listen to pleasant words spoken, it is to talk to them in friendly and cordial terms.
အေပးအကမ္းႀကိဳက္သသူအား အထုိက္အေလွ်ာက္ပစၥည္ဥစၥာေပးကမ္းျခင္းျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း၊ႏႈတ္ခြန္း သာခ်ိဳ ခ်စ္ဖြယ္ဆုိမွ ႀကိဳက္သသူအား ပ်ဴပ်ဴငွာငွာသာယာနာလုိခ်စ္ဖြယ္ဆုိသျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း။
Third, atthacariya- for the one who likes to hear words that are profitable, even if they are harsh criticism, because they lead to a gain, to such a one there should be given help and instruction, like "do this"; or "don't do that", "join up with someone like this", "keep away from someone like that!"; or again, he should be offered help and assistance when any particular business comes up - anything that promises to advance his interests.
ေငါက္ငမ္းႏွိပ္ကြပ္၍ေသာ္လည္း ခ်မ္းသာစီးပါြး ပြါးစီးအံ့ေသာအေၾကာင္းေၾကာင့္ အက်ိဳးႏွင့္စပ္ေသာစ ကားကုိ နာခံလုိသသူအား `ဤသို႔က်င့္အပ္၏၊ဤသုိ႔မက်င့္အပ္၊ ဤသုိ႔သသူကုိေပါင္းသင္းအပ္၏၊ ဤသုိ႔သသူ ကုိမေပါင္း သင္းအပ္၊ သူတစ္ပါးကသုိ႔ဆုိေသာ္ သင္ကသုိ႔ဆုိေလစသည္ျဖင့္ အစီးအပြါးႏွင့္စပ္ေသာအက်င့္အမူ လူေရးလူ ရာကုိ သြန္သင္ျပသျခင္း၊အခင္းကိစၥေရာက္လာကလွ်င္မႈိင္းမညီညာျခင္းစေသာဟိတသုခစီးပြါးခ်မ္းသာကုိ က်င့္ျခင္းျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း။
Fourth, samānattatā- with one who is of an ascetic type, who likes to live in just one place, to stick to just one sort of diet, to whom poverty and wealth are all the same, the way is to follow his example and to make no distinction between wealth and poverty.
တစ္ေနရာတည္းေနျခင္း၊တစ္ပြဲတည္းစားျခင္း၊ဆင္းရဲခ်မ္းသာအတူအမွ်ႀကိဳက္သသူအားခ်မ္းသာဆင္းရဲ မကြဲ ေစရ ထပ္မွ်ကုိယ္တူက်င့္သျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း။
Fifth, avisaµvādanatā- this way is to accept freely any obligation that he may name and to pursue ungrudgingly any duty. It is in these five ways that friendships should be nourished.
အမည္မွည့္ဆုိ၍ေတာင္းေသာဝတၳဳကို မခၽြတ္မယြင္း(ေပးျခင္း၊တစ္စုံတစ္ရာဝန္ခံေသာအမႈကုိ မခၽြတ္မယြင္း) ေဆာင္ရြက္ျခင္းျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း။ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ လုပ္ေကၽြးအပ္ကုန္၏။
Sons of householders! Sons of good families! It is these five ways that companionship should be nourished with good friends of good families, who are said to belong to the northern quarter, and should be safeguarded and developed.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ အမ်ိဳးေကာင္းသား၊သမီးသည္ ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ လုပ္ေကၽြးအပ္ကုန္ ေသာေျမာက္ အရပ္မည္ကုန္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းေကာင္းတုိ႔သည္အေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္အမ်ိဳးေကာင္းသား၊ သမီးကုိ အစဥ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ခ်ီးေျမွာက္အပ္ကုန္၏။
When your friend is drunk or careless, you must guard him. When he is neglectful, you must take care of his property. If any kind of danger arises and he is afraid, you must be ready to encourage him and to say "What is there to be afraid of when you have so bold a companion as I beside you?" You must guard him with such words that can dispel fear.
ယစ္မူးေမ့ေလ်ာ့ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းကုိေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေပးကုန္၏။ေမ့ေလ်ာ့ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္း၏ ဥစၥာႏွစ္ကုိ ထိမ္းသိမ္းေစာင့္ေရွာက္ကုန္၏။ တစ္စုံတစ္ရာေဘးေရာက္၍ေၾကာက္လန္႔ေနေသာမိတ္ေဆြ၏ ငါသုိ႔သ သူသဟဲ ရွိလွ်က္အဘယ္တစ္စိေၾကာက္ဘိသနည္းဟုအားေပး၍ထုိေဘးမွကယ္တင္ေပးတတ္ေသာ ကုိးကြယ္ ရာ ျဖစ္၏။
When danger is extreme, do not give up, remind your companion of the sons and grandsons, all perfect in the five duties that will follow him, like the cubs of the aged lion in the presence of the jackal. Do not bring him into harsh despair, but give him honour. It is in these five ways that you must safeguard and develop your friendships.
ေဘးရန္ႀကီးစြာေရာက္လတ္ေသာ္ မစြန္႔ပစ္ေပကုန္။ ထုိမိတ္ေဆြေကာင္းဝတ္ငါးပါးႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံေသာ အမ်ိဳးေကာင္း သား၊သမီးအား မိတ္ေဆြ၏သားေျမးအစဥ္အဆက္တုိ႔သည္လည္း ေျမေခြးေၾကာင့္အသက္ရွည္ေသာ ျခေသၤ့ သားေျမးအဆက္ဆက္တုိ႔ကဲ့သုိ႔ ခင္ပြန္းမပ်က္၊ မရက္မစက္၊ ျမတ္နုိးတနာ ျပဳက်င့္ကုန္၏။ ဤအ ေၾကာင္းတရား ငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ အစဥ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ခ်ီးေျမွာက္ေပကုန္၏။
Sons of householders! Sons of good families! It is said that friendships that are to be cherished belong to the northern quarter. It is in these five ways that such friendships with men of good families are to be developed.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ အမ်ိဳးေကာင္းသား၊သမီးသည္ ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတု႔ိျဖင့္လုပ္ေကၽြးပူေဇာ္အပ္ကုန္ ေသာ ေျမာက္အရပ္မည္ကုန္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းတုိ႔သည္ ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္အမ်ိဳးေကာင္းသား၊ သမီးကုိ အစဥ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ခ်ီးေျမွာက္ကုန္၏။
With such friends of good families, perfect in the five duties, ascribed to the northern quarter, you will be shielded against the approach of danger. Danger will be put to rest and the northern quarter will be free from fear.
ဤသို႔မိတ္ေဆြဝတ္ကုိမခၽြတ္ေစသည္ရွိေသာ္ ထုိဝတ္ငါးပါးႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံကုန္ေသာ အမ်ိဳးေကာင္းသား၊သမီး တုိ႔သည္ဤေဆြပြန္းေကာင္းဟူေသာေျမာက္အရပ္ကုိေဘးမလာမေရာက္ေအာင္ဖုံးလႊမ္းပိတ္ဆုိ႔အပ္၏။ ေျမာက္အရပ္မွ ေဘးၿငိမ္းေဘးကင္းေတာ့၏။
က်မ္းကုိး ...
ပါထိကဝဂၢပါဠိ၊ ၈။ သိဂၤါလသုတ္၊ ႏွာ-၃-၁၅၃
In this scheme of the six directions, the northern quarter is that of good companionship where there lie the five duties owed by sons and daughters of good families and the reciprocal duties owed to them by their well-bred friends and companions: These duties are set out in the following text:
ဤအရပ္ေျခာက္ပါးတုိ႔တြင္ အေဆြခင္ပြန္းေကာင္းဟူေသာ ေျမာက္အရပ္၌ အမ်ိဳးေကာင္းသား၊သမီးတုိ႔က်င့္သုံး ေဆာက္တည္အပ္ေသာ ဝတ္ငါးပါးရွိသည္ကုိလည္းေကာင္း၊အေဆြခင္ပြန္းေကာင္း ျဖစ္သူတုိ႔က အမ်ိဳး ေကာင္း သား၊သမီးတုိ႔ကုိ ျပန္၍က်င့္သုံးေဆာက္တည္အပ္ေသာ ဝတ္ငါးပါးရွိသည္ကုိလည္းေကာင္း ပါဠိေတာ္၌ေအာက္ပါ အတုိင္းေဟာေတာ္မူ၏။
Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta ¥hānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupa¥¥hātabbā- dānena, peyyavajjena, atthacariyāya, samānattātāya, avisaµvādanatāya. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta pañcahi ¥hānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupa¥¥hitā pañcahi ¥hānehi kulaputtaµ anukampenti- amatthaµ rakkhanti, pamattassa sapateyyaµ rakkhanti, bhītassa saranaµ honti, āpadāsu na vijahanti, aparapajā cassa pa¥ipūjenti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta pañcahi ¥hānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupa¥¥hitā imehi pañcahi ¥hānehi kulaputtaµ anukampenti. Evamassa esā uttarā disā pa¥icchannā hoti khemā apa¥ibhayā.
That is to say: Sons of householders! As men of good family you need to cultivate your good friends and companions, who are said to occupy the northern quarter, in five ways.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ အမ်ိဳးေကာင္းသား၊သမီးသည္ ေျမာက္အရပ္မည္ကုန္ေသာ အေဆြခင္ပြန္းေကာင္းတုိ႔ကုိ အေၾကာင္း တရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ လုပ္ေကၽြးအပ္ကုန္၏။
First, dāna- for those who like to receive gifts, the way is to provide them appropriately with goods. Second, peyyavajja- for those who only like to listen to pleasant words spoken, it is to talk to them in friendly and cordial terms.
အေပးအကမ္းႀကိဳက္သသူအား အထုိက္အေလွ်ာက္ပစၥည္ဥစၥာေပးကမ္းျခင္းျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း၊ႏႈတ္ခြန္း သာခ်ိဳ ခ်စ္ဖြယ္ဆုိမွ ႀကိဳက္သသူအား ပ်ဴပ်ဴငွာငွာသာယာနာလုိခ်စ္ဖြယ္ဆုိသျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း။
Third, atthacariya- for the one who likes to hear words that are profitable, even if they are harsh criticism, because they lead to a gain, to such a one there should be given help and instruction, like "do this"; or "don't do that", "join up with someone like this", "keep away from someone like that!"; or again, he should be offered help and assistance when any particular business comes up - anything that promises to advance his interests.
ေငါက္ငမ္းႏွိပ္ကြပ္၍ေသာ္လည္း ခ်မ္းသာစီးပါြး ပြါးစီးအံ့ေသာအေၾကာင္းေၾကာင့္ အက်ိဳးႏွင့္စပ္ေသာစ ကားကုိ နာခံလုိသသူအား `ဤသို႔က်င့္အပ္၏၊ဤသုိ႔မက်င့္အပ္၊ ဤသုိ႔သသူကုိေပါင္းသင္းအပ္၏၊ ဤသုိ႔သသူ ကုိမေပါင္း သင္းအပ္၊ သူတစ္ပါးကသုိ႔ဆုိေသာ္ သင္ကသုိ႔ဆုိေလစသည္ျဖင့္ အစီးအပြါးႏွင့္စပ္ေသာအက်င့္အမူ လူေရးလူ ရာကုိ သြန္သင္ျပသျခင္း၊အခင္းကိစၥေရာက္လာကလွ်င္မႈိင္းမညီညာျခင္းစေသာဟိတသုခစီးပြါးခ်မ္းသာကုိ က်င့္ျခင္းျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း။
Fourth, samānattatā- with one who is of an ascetic type, who likes to live in just one place, to stick to just one sort of diet, to whom poverty and wealth are all the same, the way is to follow his example and to make no distinction between wealth and poverty.
တစ္ေနရာတည္းေနျခင္း၊တစ္ပြဲတည္းစားျခင္း၊ဆင္းရဲခ်မ္းသာအတူအမွ်ႀကိဳက္သသူအားခ်မ္းသာဆင္းရဲ မကြဲ ေစရ ထပ္မွ်ကုိယ္တူက်င့္သျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း။
Fifth, avisaµvādanatā- this way is to accept freely any obligation that he may name and to pursue ungrudgingly any duty. It is in these five ways that friendships should be nourished.
အမည္မွည့္ဆုိ၍ေတာင္းေသာဝတၳဳကို မခၽြတ္မယြင္း(ေပးျခင္း၊တစ္စုံတစ္ရာဝန္ခံေသာအမႈကုိ မခၽြတ္မယြင္း) ေဆာင္ရြက္ျခင္းျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း။ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ လုပ္ေကၽြးအပ္ကုန္၏။
Sons of householders! Sons of good families! It is these five ways that companionship should be nourished with good friends of good families, who are said to belong to the northern quarter, and should be safeguarded and developed.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ အမ်ိဳးေကာင္းသား၊သမီးသည္ ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ လုပ္ေကၽြးအပ္ကုန္ ေသာေျမာက္ အရပ္မည္ကုန္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းေကာင္းတုိ႔သည္အေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္အမ်ိဳးေကာင္းသား၊ သမီးကုိ အစဥ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ခ်ီးေျမွာက္အပ္ကုန္၏။
When your friend is drunk or careless, you must guard him. When he is neglectful, you must take care of his property. If any kind of danger arises and he is afraid, you must be ready to encourage him and to say "What is there to be afraid of when you have so bold a companion as I beside you?" You must guard him with such words that can dispel fear.
ယစ္မူးေမ့ေလ်ာ့ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းကုိေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေပးကုန္၏။ေမ့ေလ်ာ့ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္း၏ ဥစၥာႏွစ္ကုိ ထိမ္းသိမ္းေစာင့္ေရွာက္ကုန္၏။ တစ္စုံတစ္ရာေဘးေရာက္၍ေၾကာက္လန္႔ေနေသာမိတ္ေဆြ၏ ငါသုိ႔သ သူသဟဲ ရွိလွ်က္အဘယ္တစ္စိေၾကာက္ဘိသနည္းဟုအားေပး၍ထုိေဘးမွကယ္တင္ေပးတတ္ေသာ ကုိးကြယ္ ရာ ျဖစ္၏။
When danger is extreme, do not give up, remind your companion of the sons and grandsons, all perfect in the five duties that will follow him, like the cubs of the aged lion in the presence of the jackal. Do not bring him into harsh despair, but give him honour. It is in these five ways that you must safeguard and develop your friendships.
ေဘးရန္ႀကီးစြာေရာက္လတ္ေသာ္ မစြန္႔ပစ္ေပကုန္။ ထုိမိတ္ေဆြေကာင္းဝတ္ငါးပါးႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံေသာ အမ်ိဳးေကာင္း သား၊သမီးအား မိတ္ေဆြ၏သားေျမးအစဥ္အဆက္တုိ႔သည္လည္း ေျမေခြးေၾကာင့္အသက္ရွည္ေသာ ျခေသၤ့ သားေျမးအဆက္ဆက္တုိ႔ကဲ့သုိ႔ ခင္ပြန္းမပ်က္၊ မရက္မစက္၊ ျမတ္နုိးတနာ ျပဳက်င့္ကုန္၏။ ဤအ ေၾကာင္းတရား ငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ အစဥ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ခ်ီးေျမွာက္ေပကုန္၏။
Sons of householders! Sons of good families! It is said that friendships that are to be cherished belong to the northern quarter. It is in these five ways that such friendships with men of good families are to be developed.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ အမ်ိဳးေကာင္းသား၊သမီးသည္ ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတု႔ိျဖင့္လုပ္ေကၽြးပူေဇာ္အပ္ကုန္ ေသာ ေျမာက္အရပ္မည္ကုန္ေသာအေဆြခင္ပြန္းတုိ႔သည္ ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္အမ်ိဳးေကာင္းသား၊ သမီးကုိ အစဥ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ခ်ီးေျမွာက္ကုန္၏။
With such friends of good families, perfect in the five duties, ascribed to the northern quarter, you will be shielded against the approach of danger. Danger will be put to rest and the northern quarter will be free from fear.
ဤသို႔မိတ္ေဆြဝတ္ကုိမခၽြတ္ေစသည္ရွိေသာ္ ထုိဝတ္ငါးပါးႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံကုန္ေသာ အမ်ိဳးေကာင္းသား၊သမီး တုိ႔သည္ဤေဆြပြန္းေကာင္းဟူေသာေျမာက္အရပ္ကုိေဘးမလာမေရာက္ေအာင္ဖုံးလႊမ္းပိတ္ဆုိ႔အပ္၏။ ေျမာက္အရပ္မွ ေဘးၿငိမ္းေဘးကင္းေတာ့၏။
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