၉။ အရွင့္က်င့္ဝတ္ငါးပါး
Out of the six quarters, to that which is below there is said to belong the duties which servants owe and in this quarter come the five duties of right conduct which masters must follow. There are also five duties that servants owe their masters. The scripture says:
ဤအရပ္ေျခာက္ပါးတု႔ိတြင္ ေက်းကၽြန္အမႈလုပ္ဟူေသာေအာက္အရပ္၌ အရွင္သခင္ျဖစ္သူတုိ႔ က်င့္သင့္က်င့္ ေကာင္းေသာ ဝတ္ငါးပါးရွိသည္ကုိလည္းေကာင္း၊ေက်းကၽြန္အမႈလုပ္တုိ႔က အရွင္သခင္တုိ႔အေပၚ၌ ျပန္၍ က်င့္ထုိက္က်င့္ေကာင္းေသာဝတ္ငါးပါးရွိသည္ကုိလည္းေကာင္း ဤပါဠိေတာ္၌ေဟာေတာ္မူသည္။
Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta ¥hānehi ayyirakena he¥¥himā disā dæsa kammakarā paccupa¥¥hātabbā - yathābalaµ kammantasaµvidhānena, bhatta vetanānuppadānena, gilānupa¥¥hānena, acchariyānaµ rasānaµ samvibhāgena, samaye vossaggena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta pañcahi ¥hānehi ayyirakena he¥¥himā disā dāsakammakarā paccupa¥¥hitā pañcahi ¥hānehi ayyirakaµ anukampenti- pubbu¥¥hāyino honti, pacchānipātino ca, dinnādārino ca, sukata kammakarā, kittiva¼¼aharā ca. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta pañcahi ¥hānehi ayyirakena he¥¥himā disā dāsakammakarā paccupa¥¥hitā imehi pañcahi ¥hānehi ayyirakaµ anukampenti. Evamassa esā he¥¥himā disā pa¥icchannā hoti, khema appa¥ibhayā.
That is to say: Sons of householders! For one who is a master, there are five means which he must use to hold to and sustain the servants working for him, who are said to belong to the lower quarter.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊အရွင္သခင္ျဖစ္သသူသည္ေအာက္အရပ္မည္ကုန္ေသာေက်းကၽြန္အမႈလုပ္တုိ႔ကုိအေၾကာင္း တရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ သိမ္းျမန္းေကၽြးေမြးအပ္ကုန္၏။
These means are first, work that is right for the young should be done by the young; adult work should be done by adults; it is not right for the young to do adults' work, nor for adults to do the work of the young. Women should not be made to do men's work, nor men women's. The way is to arrange workloads according to the capacity of each servant.
သူငယ္တုိ႔ျပဳသင့္သည့္အမႈကုိ သူႀကီးတုိ႔ကုိ၊ သူႀကီးတုိ႔ျပဳသင့္ေသာအမႈကုိ သူငယ္တုိ႔ကုိ၊ မိန္းမတုိ႔ ျပဳသင့္သည့္ အမႈကုိ ေယာကၤ်ားတုိ႔ကုိ၊ ေယာကၤ်ားတုိ႔ျပဳသင့္ေသာအမႈကုိ မိန္းမတုိ႔ကုိမျပဳေစမူ၍ (အပ္ေၾကာင္း အပ္သာ၊ စူးမွာစူးလုိက္)စရုိက္ပုံတူ ထုိထုိသသူ၏အင္အားႏွင့္တန္ေသာအမႈကုိသာ စီရင္ခုိင္းခံေစဖန္သျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း။
The second point lies in making a fair distribution of rice and other provisions. Thirdly, in case of sickness, servants must be given proper care. Fourthly, from time to time some valued novelties should be distributed generously, with an appearance of love, to each of the servants, to be put away and kept for their own.
ထမင္းရိကၡာသာနာညီမွ်ေအာင္ ေပးသျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း။ နာဖ်ားမက်န္းရွိေသာအခါ ေကာင္းစြာေမြးျမဴ ျခင္းျဖင့္ လည္းေကာင္း။တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ အထူးအဆန္းရေသာ မြန္ျမတ္ေသာအရာတုိ႔ကို မိမိခ်ည္းသာ၊ ကြယ္ရာမ စား၊ လက္ဝါးေဖြးေဖြး၊ေက်းကၽြန္အေလွ်ာက္ တစ္ေယာက္စီခဲၿမဲရုံျဖင့္လည္း၊ ခ်စ္ဟန္မူျပ စားေရးငွသျဖင့္ လည္းေကာင္း။
Finally, when they are tired and worn, or when they are especially happy over a festival, they should be given, according to one's own standing, presents of clothes and ornaments. By these five means servants can be kept loyal.
ပင္ပန္းႏြယ္နယ္ေသာအခါ၊ပြဲလမ္းသဘင္၊တုတုပပ၊ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္ၾကေသာအခါတုိ႔၌ မိမိဂုဏ္ႏွင့္ေလွ်ာ္စြာတန္ ဆာဝတ္စားေပး၍လႊတ္သျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း၊ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္သိမ္းျမန္ေကၽြးေမြးအပ္ကုန္၏။
Sons of householders! Those who are masters have these five ways to maintain and keep their servants, to whom there is assigned the lower quarter, and who in turn have five points of duty in protecting and supporting their master.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ အရွင္သခင္ျဖစ္သသူသည္ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင္ ့သိမ္းျမန္းေကၽြးေမြးအပ္ကုန္ေသာ ေအာက္အရပ္မည္ကုန္ေသာ ေက်းကၽြန္အမႈလုပ္တုိ႔သည္ အရွင္သခင့္ကုိ အေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ ျပန္၍ အစဥ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ခ်ီးေျမွာက္ၾကကုန္၏။
These are: each day after the night to be awake and busy so as to finish their work before the master rises, without having to be urged on, working with quiet energy.
ေန႔တုိင္ညဥ့္က၊ နုိးလုံ႔လျဖင့္၊ အရွင္မထမီ၊ အမႈၿပီးေအာင္၊ မႏႈိးမေဆာ္ရ၊ ဖ်ိဳးဖ်ိဳးဖ်တ္ဖ်တ္၊ လုပ္ေဆာင္ ၾကကုန္၏။
If the master sleeps late, they will eat and sleep only when the assigned work is finished.
အရွင့္ေနာက္က်၍ အမႈအခင္းလက္စသိမ္းမွ စားေသာက္အိပ္ၾကကုန္၏။
They will not sneak off with so much as a piece of string without the master knowing. They will take and use only what he gives them.
ခ်ည္မွ်င္တစ္မွ်င္ကုိမွ် အရွင့္ကြယ္ရာ မခုိးမဝွက္မူ၍ အရွင္ေပးသည္ကုိသာယူသုံးေလ့ရွိကုန္၏။
They will not talk discontentedly and say "What do we get out of working for this master? There's nothing in it for us!” They will not belittle their work but go at it positively, so that in making a joint the parts will be smooth and fit closely.
ဤအရွင့္အမႈကုိျပဳသျဖင့္ အဘယ္အက်ိဳးရွိအံ့နည္း၊ ငါတု႔ိကား တစ္စုံတစ္ခုကုိမွ်မရပါဟု ကဲ့ရဲ႕စကားမဆုိ၊ အမႈကုိမဖ်က္၊ႏွစ္သက္ၾကည္သာေသာစိတ္ႏွလုံးရွိလွ်က္ အေစ့အစပ္၊ မူေသသပ္ကာ၊ ပစ္စလက္ခတ္၊ ျဖစ္ကတတ္ဆန္း၊မရွိရေအာင္ ေကာင္းစြာေဆာင္ရြက္ေသာအမႈရွိကုန္၏။
At an (audience) ceremony they will speak in praise of their master and advance his honour by saying, whether in his presence or not, that his aura is like a soft breeze bringing the scent of flowers.
ပရိသတ္အလယ္ေရာက္က ခ်ီးခ်ီးေျမွာက္ေျမွာက္ေျပာဆုိသျဖင့္ အသေရကုိတက္ေအာင္ ပန္းရနံ႔ကုိေဆာင္ေသာ ေလညွင္းကဲ့သုိ႔ အရွင့္ဂုဏ္သတင္းကုိ မ်က္ေမွာက္မ်က္ကြယ္ေဆာင္တတ္ကုန္၏။
It is in these five ways that his servants should make their return by protecting and supporting their master.
ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ အရွင္သခင္ကုိ ျပန္၍အစဥ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ခ်ီးေျမွာက္ၾကကုန္၏။
Sons of householders! It is in these five ways that a master should hold and nourish his servants, to whom there belongs the downward quarter, and in their own five ways that the servants should protect and support their master.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ အရွင္သခင္သည္ ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ သိမ္းျမန္းေကၽြးေမြးအပ္ကုန္ေသာ အေနာက္ အရပ္မည္ကုန္ေသာ ေက်းကၽြန္အမႈလုပ္တုိ႔သည္ ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ အရွင္သခင္ကုိ ျပန္၍ေစာင့္ ေရွာက္ခ်ီးေျမွာက္ၾကကုန္၏။
So long as masters and servants carry out their mutual duties in this way, masters and servants, perfect in their duties, will be shielded from the approach of danger. Danger will be put at rest and the lower quarter too will be free from danger.
ဤသုိ႔ ကၽြန္၊အရွင္တုိ႔ ျပဳက်င့္ရာေသာဝတ္မ်ားႏွင့္ညီၾကကုန္သည္ရွိေသာ္ ထုိဝတ္ငါးပါးႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံေသာအရွင္တုိ႔ သည္ ဤေက်းကၽြန္ဟူေသာေအာက္အရပ္ကုိ ေဘးမလာမေရာက္ေအာင္ ဖုံးပိတ္လႊမ္းမုိးအပ္၏။ ေအာက္အရပ္ ၌ေဘးၿငိမ္း၊ေဘးကင္းေတာ့သည္သာ။
က်မ္းကုိး ...
ပါထိကဝဂၢပါဠိ၊ ၈။ သိဂၤါလသုတ္၊ ႏွာ-၃-၁၅၃
Out of the six quarters, to that which is below there is said to belong the duties which servants owe and in this quarter come the five duties of right conduct which masters must follow. There are also five duties that servants owe their masters. The scripture says:
ဤအရပ္ေျခာက္ပါးတု႔ိတြင္ ေက်းကၽြန္အမႈလုပ္ဟူေသာေအာက္အရပ္၌ အရွင္သခင္ျဖစ္သူတုိ႔ က်င့္သင့္က်င့္ ေကာင္းေသာ ဝတ္ငါးပါးရွိသည္ကုိလည္းေကာင္း၊ေက်းကၽြန္အမႈလုပ္တုိ႔က အရွင္သခင္တုိ႔အေပၚ၌ ျပန္၍ က်င့္ထုိက္က်င့္ေကာင္းေသာဝတ္ငါးပါးရွိသည္ကုိလည္းေကာင္း ဤပါဠိေတာ္၌ေဟာေတာ္မူသည္။
Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta ¥hānehi ayyirakena he¥¥himā disā dæsa kammakarā paccupa¥¥hātabbā - yathābalaµ kammantasaµvidhānena, bhatta vetanānuppadānena, gilānupa¥¥hānena, acchariyānaµ rasānaµ samvibhāgena, samaye vossaggena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta pañcahi ¥hānehi ayyirakena he¥¥himā disā dāsakammakarā paccupa¥¥hitā pañcahi ¥hānehi ayyirakaµ anukampenti- pubbu¥¥hāyino honti, pacchānipātino ca, dinnādārino ca, sukata kammakarā, kittiva¼¼aharā ca. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta pañcahi ¥hānehi ayyirakena he¥¥himā disā dāsakammakarā paccupa¥¥hitā imehi pañcahi ¥hānehi ayyirakaµ anukampenti. Evamassa esā he¥¥himā disā pa¥icchannā hoti, khema appa¥ibhayā.
That is to say: Sons of householders! For one who is a master, there are five means which he must use to hold to and sustain the servants working for him, who are said to belong to the lower quarter.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊အရွင္သခင္ျဖစ္သသူသည္ေအာက္အရပ္မည္ကုန္ေသာေက်းကၽြန္အမႈလုပ္တုိ႔ကုိအေၾကာင္း တရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ သိမ္းျမန္းေကၽြးေမြးအပ္ကုန္၏။
These means are first, work that is right for the young should be done by the young; adult work should be done by adults; it is not right for the young to do adults' work, nor for adults to do the work of the young. Women should not be made to do men's work, nor men women's. The way is to arrange workloads according to the capacity of each servant.
သူငယ္တုိ႔ျပဳသင့္သည့္အမႈကုိ သူႀကီးတုိ႔ကုိ၊ သူႀကီးတုိ႔ျပဳသင့္ေသာအမႈကုိ သူငယ္တုိ႔ကုိ၊ မိန္းမတုိ႔ ျပဳသင့္သည့္ အမႈကုိ ေယာကၤ်ားတုိ႔ကုိ၊ ေယာကၤ်ားတုိ႔ျပဳသင့္ေသာအမႈကုိ မိန္းမတုိ႔ကုိမျပဳေစမူ၍ (အပ္ေၾကာင္း အပ္သာ၊ စူးမွာစူးလုိက္)စရုိက္ပုံတူ ထုိထုိသသူ၏အင္အားႏွင့္တန္ေသာအမႈကုိသာ စီရင္ခုိင္းခံေစဖန္သျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း။
The second point lies in making a fair distribution of rice and other provisions. Thirdly, in case of sickness, servants must be given proper care. Fourthly, from time to time some valued novelties should be distributed generously, with an appearance of love, to each of the servants, to be put away and kept for their own.
ထမင္းရိကၡာသာနာညီမွ်ေအာင္ ေပးသျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း။ နာဖ်ားမက်န္းရွိေသာအခါ ေကာင္းစြာေမြးျမဴ ျခင္းျဖင့္ လည္းေကာင္း။တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ အထူးအဆန္းရေသာ မြန္ျမတ္ေသာအရာတုိ႔ကို မိမိခ်ည္းသာ၊ ကြယ္ရာမ စား၊ လက္ဝါးေဖြးေဖြး၊ေက်းကၽြန္အေလွ်ာက္ တစ္ေယာက္စီခဲၿမဲရုံျဖင့္လည္း၊ ခ်စ္ဟန္မူျပ စားေရးငွသျဖင့္ လည္းေကာင္း။
Finally, when they are tired and worn, or when they are especially happy over a festival, they should be given, according to one's own standing, presents of clothes and ornaments. By these five means servants can be kept loyal.
ပင္ပန္းႏြယ္နယ္ေသာအခါ၊ပြဲလမ္းသဘင္၊တုတုပပ၊ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္ၾကေသာအခါတုိ႔၌ မိမိဂုဏ္ႏွင့္ေလွ်ာ္စြာတန္ ဆာဝတ္စားေပး၍လႊတ္သျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း၊ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္သိမ္းျမန္ေကၽြးေမြးအပ္ကုန္၏။
Sons of householders! Those who are masters have these five ways to maintain and keep their servants, to whom there is assigned the lower quarter, and who in turn have five points of duty in protecting and supporting their master.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ အရွင္သခင္ျဖစ္သသူသည္ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင္ ့သိမ္းျမန္းေကၽြးေမြးအပ္ကုန္ေသာ ေအာက္အရပ္မည္ကုန္ေသာ ေက်းကၽြန္အမႈလုပ္တုိ႔သည္ အရွင္သခင့္ကုိ အေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ ျပန္၍ အစဥ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ခ်ီးေျမွာက္ၾကကုန္၏။
These are: each day after the night to be awake and busy so as to finish their work before the master rises, without having to be urged on, working with quiet energy.
ေန႔တုိင္ညဥ့္က၊ နုိးလုံ႔လျဖင့္၊ အရွင္မထမီ၊ အမႈၿပီးေအာင္၊ မႏႈိးမေဆာ္ရ၊ ဖ်ိဳးဖ်ိဳးဖ်တ္ဖ်တ္၊ လုပ္ေဆာင္ ၾကကုန္၏။
If the master sleeps late, they will eat and sleep only when the assigned work is finished.
အရွင့္ေနာက္က်၍ အမႈအခင္းလက္စသိမ္းမွ စားေသာက္အိပ္ၾကကုန္၏။
They will not sneak off with so much as a piece of string without the master knowing. They will take and use only what he gives them.
ခ်ည္မွ်င္တစ္မွ်င္ကုိမွ် အရွင့္ကြယ္ရာ မခုိးမဝွက္မူ၍ အရွင္ေပးသည္ကုိသာယူသုံးေလ့ရွိကုန္၏။
They will not talk discontentedly and say "What do we get out of working for this master? There's nothing in it for us!” They will not belittle their work but go at it positively, so that in making a joint the parts will be smooth and fit closely.
ဤအရွင့္အမႈကုိျပဳသျဖင့္ အဘယ္အက်ိဳးရွိအံ့နည္း၊ ငါတု႔ိကား တစ္စုံတစ္ခုကုိမွ်မရပါဟု ကဲ့ရဲ႕စကားမဆုိ၊ အမႈကုိမဖ်က္၊ႏွစ္သက္ၾကည္သာေသာစိတ္ႏွလုံးရွိလွ်က္ အေစ့အစပ္၊ မူေသသပ္ကာ၊ ပစ္စလက္ခတ္၊ ျဖစ္ကတတ္ဆန္း၊မရွိရေအာင္ ေကာင္းစြာေဆာင္ရြက္ေသာအမႈရွိကုန္၏။
At an (audience) ceremony they will speak in praise of their master and advance his honour by saying, whether in his presence or not, that his aura is like a soft breeze bringing the scent of flowers.
ပရိသတ္အလယ္ေရာက္က ခ်ီးခ်ီးေျမွာက္ေျမွာက္ေျပာဆုိသျဖင့္ အသေရကုိတက္ေအာင္ ပန္းရနံ႔ကုိေဆာင္ေသာ ေလညွင္းကဲ့သုိ႔ အရွင့္ဂုဏ္သတင္းကုိ မ်က္ေမွာက္မ်က္ကြယ္ေဆာင္တတ္ကုန္၏။
It is in these five ways that his servants should make their return by protecting and supporting their master.
ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ အရွင္သခင္ကုိ ျပန္၍အစဥ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ခ်ီးေျမွာက္ၾကကုန္၏။
Sons of householders! It is in these five ways that a master should hold and nourish his servants, to whom there belongs the downward quarter, and in their own five ways that the servants should protect and support their master.
သူႂကြယ္သား၊ အရွင္သခင္သည္ ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ သိမ္းျမန္းေကၽြးေမြးအပ္ကုန္ေသာ အေနာက္ အရပ္မည္ကုန္ေသာ ေက်းကၽြန္အမႈလုပ္တုိ႔သည္ ဤအေၾကာင္းတရားငါးပါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ အရွင္သခင္ကုိ ျပန္၍ေစာင့္ ေရွာက္ခ်ီးေျမွာက္ၾကကုန္၏။
So long as masters and servants carry out their mutual duties in this way, masters and servants, perfect in their duties, will be shielded from the approach of danger. Danger will be put at rest and the lower quarter too will be free from danger.
ဤသုိ႔ ကၽြန္၊အရွင္တုိ႔ ျပဳက်င့္ရာေသာဝတ္မ်ားႏွင့္ညီၾကကုန္သည္ရွိေသာ္ ထုိဝတ္ငါးပါးႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံေသာအရွင္တုိ႔ သည္ ဤေက်းကၽြန္ဟူေသာေအာက္အရပ္ကုိ ေဘးမလာမေရာက္ေအာင္ ဖုံးပိတ္လႊမ္းမုိးအပ္၏။ ေအာက္အရပ္ ၌ေဘးၿငိမ္း၊ေဘးကင္းေတာ့သည္သာ။
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